Korean J Fam Med.  2015 Sep;36(5):221-226. 10.4082/kjfm.2015.36.5.221.

Time to First Cigarette and Hypertension in Korean Male Smokers

• Lee S
• Jang M
• Noh HM
• Oh HY
• Song HJ
• Park KH
• Paek YJ

• KMID: 2235271
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2015.36.5.221

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Morning blood pressure surge affects to cardiovascular disease risk. Short time to first cigarette (TTFC) after waking can enhance morning blood pressure surge, and accelerate atherosclerosis
METHODS
We investigated that the relationship between TTFC and blood pressure. The study subjects included male current smokers (n=211) who had health check-up in Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital from July to September, 2014. We categorized the subjects into 2 groups according to TTFC; early TTFC (TTFC <30 minutes) and late TTFC (TTFC > or =30 minutes), and the subjects who were taking antihypertensive medications or had a high blood pressure (>140 mm Hg or 90 mm Hg) were defined as hypertensive group. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to investigate the association between TTFC and hypertensive group.
RESULTS
Compared with late TTFC, early TTFC had higher odds (odds ratio [OR], 3.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-7.94) for hypertensive group. After adjusting confounding factors, early TTFC was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 1.84-10.70).
CONCLUSION
early TTFC after waking is associated with hypertension. It suggests delaying TTFC might help to control of blood pressure among the current smokers who are not ready to immediately quit smoking.

Keyword

Smoking; Hypertension; Cardiovascular Disease; Metabolic Syndrome X

MeSH Terms

Atherosclerosis
Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart
Humans
Hypertension*
Logistic Models
Male*
Metabolic Syndrome X
Odds Ratio
Smoke
Smoking
Tobacco Products*
Smoke