J Korean Radiol Soc.  2004 Oct;51(4):417-425. 10.3348/jkrs.2004.51.4.417.

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Inoperable Primary Lung Cancer

• Kim SH
• Jung GS
• Lee SR
• Ko JH
• Jung MH
• Park SD
• Cheon BG
• Lee CY
• Oh KS
• Cho YD

• KMID: 2209198
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2004.51.4.417

Abstract

PURPOSE
To present the initial experience of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of inoperable primary lung cancer, and to assess the technical feasibility and potential complications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty patients with inoperable lung cancer underwent percutaneous RFA. Nineteen of 20 patients had stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer, and the remaining one had stage I lung cancer with pulmonary dysfunction. The mean tumor size was 4.6+/-0.4 cm (range, 1.8-8.4 cm). RFA was performed with a single (n=18) or cluster (n=2) cool-tip RF electrode and a generator under CT guidance using local anesthesia and conscious sedation. Twenty tumors were treated in 28 sessions. Patients were assessed by contrast-enhanced CT in all cases at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Eleven patients received chemotherapy (n=10) or radiotherapy (n=1) after RFA.
RESULTS
RFA was technically successful and well tolerated in all patients. Complete necrosis was attained in 7 lesions (35%), near complete (90-99%) necrosis in 10 lesions (50%), and partial (50-89%) necrosis in 3 lesions (15%). During the mean follow up of 202 days (21 to 481 days), tumor size was decreased in 13 patients, unchanged in 3, and increased in 4. In the latter four, additional RFA was performed. One patient underwent surgery three months after RFA and the histopathologic findings showed a large cavity with thin fibrotic wall suggestive of complete necrosis. During or after the procedure, pneumothorax (n=10), moderate pain (n=4), blood tinged sputum (n=2), and pneumonia (n=2) were developed. Chest tube drainage was required in only 1 patient due to severe pneumothorax. Other patients were managed conservatively. Seven patients died at 61 to 398 days (mean, 230 days) after RFA. The remaining 13 patients were alive 21 to 481 days (mean, 187 days) after RFA.
CONCLUSION
RFA appears to be a technically feasible and relatively safe procedure for the cytoreductive treatment of inoperable, non-small cell lung cancer and warrants further investigation as a complementary treatment to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Keyword

Lung neoplasms; Lung neoplasms, therapy; Lung, CT; Radiofrequency (RF) Ablation

MeSH Terms

Anesthesia, Local
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Catheter Ablation*
Chest Tubes
Conscious Sedation
Drainage
Drug Therapy
Electrodes
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Lung Neoplasms*
Lung*
Necrosis
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Radiotherapy
Sputum
Tolnaftate
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Tolnaftate