J Korean Acad Prosthodont.  2014 Jul;52(3):177-185. 10.4047/jkap.2014.52.3.177.

The effect of copper alloy scaler tip on the surface roughness of dental implant and restorative materials

• Lee AR
• Chung CH
• Jung GU
• Pang EK

• KMID: 2195421
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2014.52.3.177

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study is designed to investigate the various impacts of different types of scaler tips such as cooper alloy base tip and the others on the surface roughness of teeth and implant by the method which is currently in clinical use.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four different types of disc shaped porcelain, titanium, zirconia, and Type III gold alloy dental materials sized 15 mm diameter, 1.5 mm thickness were used for the experiment. Plastic hand curette (Group PS), cooper alloy new tip (Group IS), and stainless steel tip (Group SS) were used as testing appliances. A total of 64 specimens were used for this study; Four specimens for each material and appliance group. Surface roughness was formed with 15 degree angle in ultrasonic scaler tip and with 45 degree angle in hand curette of instrument tip and the specimen surface with 5 mm long, one horizontal-reciprocating motion per second for 30 seconds by 40 g force. To survey the surface roughness of each specimen, a field emission scanning electron microscope, an atomic force microscope, and a surface profiler were used. (Ra, microm).
RESULTS
According to SEM, most increased surface roughness was observed in SS group while IS groups had minimal roughness change. Measurement by atomic force microscope presented that the surface roughness of SS group was significantly greater than those of PS, IS and control groups in the type III gold alloy group (P<.05). IS group showed lesser surface roughness changes compared to SS group in porcelain and gold alloy group (P<.05). According to surface profiler, surface roughness of SS group showed greater than those of PS, IS and control groups and IS group showed lesser than those of SS group in all specimen groups. Type III gold alloy group had large changes on surface roughness than those of porcelain, titanium, zirconia (P<.05).
CONCLUSION
The result of this study showed that newly developed copper alloy scaler tip can cause minimal roughness impacts on the surface of implant and dental materials; therefore this may be a useful alternative for prophylaxis of implant and restored teeth.

Keyword

Copper alloy scaler tip; Surface roughness; Gold alloys type III; Porcelain; Titanium; Zirconia

MeSH Terms

Alloys*
Copper*
Dental Implants*
Dental Materials
Dental Porcelain
Gravitation
Hand
Plastics
Stainless Steel
Titanium
Tooth
Ultrasonics
Alloys
Copper
Dental Implants
Dental Materials
Dental Porcelain
Plastics
Stainless Steel
Titanium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Experimental specimens of each dental material. (A) Porcelain group, (B) Titanium group, (C) Zirconia group, (D) Gold group.

• 

  Fig. 2. Scaler tips used in the experiment. (A) Plastic hand curette (PS), (B) Copper alloy scaler tip (IS), (C) Stainless steel scaler tip (SS).

• 

  Fig. 3. SEM images of porcelain group. (A),(B) no treatment (Control), (C),(D) Stainless steel scaler tip group (Group SS), (E),(F) Plastic hand curette group (Group PS),(G),(H) Copper alloy scaler tip group (Group IS). Original magnification (A),(C),(E),(G) ×200, (B),(D),(F),(H) ×1000.

• 

  Fig. 4. SEM images of titanium group. (A),(B) no treatment (Control), (C),(D) Stainless steel scaler tip group (Group SS), (E),(F) Plastic hand curette group (Group PS),(G),(H) Copper alloy scaler tip group (Group IS). Original magnification (A),(C),(E),(G) ×200, (B),(D),(F),(H) ×1000.

• 

  Fig. 5. SEM images of zirconia group. (A),(B) no treatment (Control), (C),(D) Stainless steel scaler tip group (Group SS), (E),(F) Plastic hand curette group (Group PS),(G),(H) Copper alloy scaler tip group (Group IS). Original magnification (A),(C),(E),(G) ×200, (B),(D),(F),(H) ×1000.

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  Fig. 6. SEM images of gold group. (A),(B) no treatment (Control), (C),(D) Stainless steel scaler tip group (Group SS), (E),(F) Plastic hand curette group (Group PS), (G),(H) Copper alloy scaler tip group (Group IS). Original magnification (A),(C),(E),(G) ×200, (B),(D),(F),(H) ×1000.

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