J Adv Prosthodont.  2013 Nov;5(4):464-470. 10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.464.

Degree of conversion of two dual-cured resin cements light-irradiated through zirconia ceramic disks

• Kim MJ
• Kim KH
• Kim YK
• Kwon TY

• KMID: 2176540
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.464

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study was to measure the degree of conversion (DC) of dual-cured resin cements light-irradiated through zirconia ceramic disks with different thicknesses using various light-curing methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Zirconia ceramic disks (KT12) with three different thicknesses (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mm) were prepared. The light transmittance of the disks was measured using ultraviolet visible near-infrared spectroscopy. Four different light-curing protocols were used by combining two curing light modes (Elipar TriLight (standard mode) and bluephase G2 (high power mode)) with light-exposure times of 40 and 120 seconds. The DCs of the two dual-cured resin cements (Duo-Link and Panavia F2.0) light-irradiated through the disks was analyzed at three time intervals (3, 7, and 10 minutes) by FTIR spectroscopy. The data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (alpha=.05).Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the 10 minute DC results.
RESULTS
The 1.0 mm thick disk exhibited low light transmittance (<25%), and the transmittance decreased considerably with increasing disk thickness. All groups exhibited significantly higher 10 minute DC values than the 3 or 7 minute values (P<.05), but some exceptions were observed in Duo-Link. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the influence of the zirconia disk thickness on the 10 minute DC was dependent on the light-curing methods (P<.001). This finding was still valid even at 4.0 mm thickness, where substantial light attenuation took place.
CONCLUSION
The curing of the dual-cured resin cements was affected significantly by the light-curing technique, even though the additional chemical polymerization mechanism worked effectively.

Keyword

Resin cement; Zirconia ceramic; Degree of conversion

MeSH Terms

Ceramics*
Fourier Analysis
Methods
Polymerization
Polymers
Resin Cements*
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
Spectrum Analysis
Zirconium
Ceramics
Polymers
Resin Cements
Zirconium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams showing the measurements of the light transmittance of zirconia disk (A) and the degree of conversion for the resin cements light-irradiated through zirconia disk.

• 

  Fig. 2 Light transmittance of the KT12 zirconia disks with different thicknesses.

• 

  Fig. 3 Ten minute degree of conversion of the two resin cements. The vertical bar indicates the standard deviation. Within a material, the same lower case letters indicate statistically similar values within each thickness; the horizontal lines above the adjacent bars indicate statistically similar values within each curing mode (ANOVA and Tukey' test, P>.05). TS: Elipar TriLight, standard mode; BH: bluephase G2,high power mode; 40 or 120: light-exposure time (seconds).

Reference

1. Attia A, Lehmann F, Kern M. Influence of surface conditioning and cleaning methods on resin bonding to zirconia ceramic. Dent Mater. 2011; 27:207–213.

2. Matinlinna JP, Lassila LV. Enhanced resin-composite bonding to zirconia framework after pretreatment with selected silane monomers. Dent Mater. 2011; 27:273–280.

3. Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials. 1999; 20:1–25.

4. Piwowarczyk A, Lauer HC, Sorensen JA. The shear bond strength between luting cements and zirconia ceramics after two pre-treatments. Oper Dent. 2005; 30:382–388.

5. Roediger M, Gersdorff N, Huels A, Rinke S. Prospective evaluation of zirconia posterior fixed partial dentures: fouryear clinical results. Int J Prosthodont. 2010; 23:141–148.

6. Blatz MB, Sadan A, Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 89:268–274.

7. Tanaka R, Fujishima A, Shibata Y, Manabe A, Miyazaki T. Cooperation of phosphate monomer and silica modification on zirconia. J Dent Res. 2008; 87:666–670.

8. Vagkopoulou T, Koutayas SO, Koidis P, Strub JR. Zirconia in dentistry: Part 1. Discovering the nature of an upcoming bioceramic. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2009; 4:130–151.

9. Baldissara P, Llukacej A, Ciocca L, Valandro FL, Scotti R. Translucency of zirconia copings made with different CAD/CAM systems. J Prosthet Dent. 2010; 104:6–12.

10. El-Mowafy OM, Rubo MH. Influence of composite inlay/onlay thickness on hardening of dual-cured resin cements. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000; 66:147.

11. Kim MJ, Kim YK, Kim KH, Kwon TY. Shear bond strengths of various luting cements to zirconia ceramic: surface chemical aspects. J Dent. 2011; 39:795–803.

12. Aguiar TR, Di Francescantonio M, Arrais CA, Ambrosano GM, Davanzo C, Giannini M. Influence of curing mode and time on degree of conversion of one conventional and two self-adhesive resin cements. Oper Dent. 2010; 35:295–299.

13. Yan YL, Kim YK, Kim KH, Kwon TY. Changes in degree of conversion and microhardness of dental resin cements. Oper Dent. 2010; 35:203–210.

14. Bayne SC. Dental biomaterials: where are we and where are we going? J Dent Educ. 2005; 69:571–585.

15. Gerth HU, Dammaschke T, Züchner H, Schäfer E. Chemical analysis and bonding reaction of RelyX Unicem and Bifix composites-a comparative study. Dent Mater. 2006; 22:934–941.

16. Ferracane JL, Greener EH. The effect of resin formulation on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of dental restorative resins. J Biomed Mater Res. 1986; 20:121–131.

17. Vrochari AD, Eliades G, Hellwig E, Wrbas KT. Curing efficiency of four self-etching, self-adhesive resin cements. Dent Mater. 2009; 25:1104–1108.

18. Dias MC, Piva E, de Moraes RR, Ambrosano GM, Sinhoreti MA, Correr-Sobrinho L. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis and light irradiance through hot-pressed and hot-pressed-veneered glass ceramics. Braz Dent J. 2008; 19:197–203.

19. Brodbelt RH, O'Brien WJ, Fan PL. Translucency of dental porcelains. J Dent Res. 1980; 59:70–75.

20. Leonard DL. Light-emitting diode curing lights, Part II. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2003; 15:251–255.

21. Kim YK, Kim SK, Kim KH, Kwon TY. Degree of conversion of dual-cured resin cement light-cured through three fibre posts within human root canals: an ex vivo study. Int Endod J. 2009; 42:667–674.

22. Pegoraro TA, da Silva NR, Carvalho RM. Cements for use in esthetic dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2007; 51:453–471.

23. Faria-e-Silva AL, Moraes RR, Ogliari FA, Piva E, Martins LR. Panavia F: the role of the primer. J Oral Sci. 2009; 51:255–259.

24. Van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, De Munck J, Peumans M, Yoshida Y, Poitevin A, Coutinho E, Suzuki K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Systematic review of the chemical composition of contemporary dental adhesives. Biomaterials. 2007; 28:3757–3785.

25. Kwon TY, Bagheri R, Kim YK, Kim KH, Burrow MF. Cure mechanisms in materials for use in esthetic dentistry. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012; 3:3–16.

26. Mills RW, Jandt KD, Ashworth SH. Dental composite depth of cure with halogen and blue light emitting diode technology. Br Dent J. 1999; 186:388–391.

27. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF. The influence of light exposure on polymerization of dual-cure resin cements. Oper Dent. 1993; 18:48–55.

28. Arrais CA, Giannini M, Rueggeberg FA. Effect of sodium sulfinate salts on the polymerization characteristics of dual-cured resin cement systems exposed to attenuated light-activation. J Dent. 2009; 37:219–227.

29. Pazin MC, Moraes RR, Gonçalves LS, Borges GA, Sinhoreti MA, Correr-Sobrinho L. Effects of ceramic thickness and curing unit on light transmission through leucite-reinforced material and polymerization of dual-cured luting agent. J Oral Sci. 2008; 50:131–136.

30. Jakubiak J, Allonas X, Fouassier JP, Sionkowska A, Andrzejewska E, Linden LÅ, Rabek JF. Camphorquinone-amines photoinitating systems for the initiation of free radical polymerization. Polymer. 2003; 44:5219–5226.

31. Kameyama A, Hatayma H, Kato J, Haruyama A, Teraoka H, Takase Y, Yoshinari M, Tsunoda M. Spectral characteristics of light-curing units and dental adhesives. J Photopolym Sci Technol. 2011; 24:411–416.

32. Miletic V, Santini A. Micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis of the degree of conversion of composite resins containing different initiators cured by polywave or monowave LED units. J Dent. 2012; 40:106–113.