J Adv Prosthodont.  2013 Nov;5(4):457-463. 10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.457.

The effect of a diode laser and traditional irrigants on the bond strength of self-adhesive cement

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey. alirizatuncdemir@gmail.com
  • 2Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
  • 3Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey.
  • 4Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey.

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a diode laser and traditional irrigants on the bond strength of self-adhesive cement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-five incisors extracted due to periodontal problems were used. All teeth were instrumented using a set of rotary root canal instruments. The post spaces were enlarged for a No.14 (diameter, 1.4 mm) Snowlight (Abrasive technology, OH, USA) glass fiber reinforced composite post with matching drill. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups of 11 teeth each. The post spaces were treated with the followings: Group 1: 5 mL 0.9% physiological saline; Group 2: 5 mL 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; Group 3: 5 mL 17% ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), Group 4: 37% orthophosphoric acid and Group 5: Photodynamic diode laser irradiation for 1 minute after application of light-active dye solution. Snowlight posts were luted with self-adhesive resin cement. Each root was sectioned perpendicular to its long axis to create 1 mm thick specimens. The push-out bond strength test method was used to measure bond strength. One tooth from each group was processed for scanning electron microscopic analysis.
RESULTS
Bond strength values were as follow: Group 1 = 4.15 MPa; Group 2 = 3.00 MPa; Group 3 = 4.45 MPa; Group 4 = 6.96 MPa; and Group 5 = 8.93 MPa. These values were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference test (P<.05). Significantly higher bond strength values were obtained with the diode laser and orthophosphoric acid (P<.05). There were no differences found between the other groups (P>.05).
CONCLUSION
Orthophosphoric acid and EDTA were more effective methods for removing the smear layer than the diode laser. However, the diode laser and orthophosphoric acid were more effective at the cement dentin interface than the EDTA, Therefore, modifying the smear layer may be more effective when a self-adhesive system is used.

Keyword

Bond strength; Diode laser; Fiber post; Smear layer

MeSH Terms

Acetic Acid
Axis, Cervical Vertebra
Characidae
Dental Pulp Cavity
Dentin
Edetic Acid
Ethylenes
Glass
Incisor
Lasers, Semiconductor*
Methods
Phosphoric Acids
Resin Cements
Smear Layer
Sodium Hypochlorite
Tooth
Acetic Acid
Edetic Acid
Ethylenes
Phosphoric Acids
Resin Cements
Sodium Hypochlorite

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Schematic view of the root and dentin disc specimens.

  • Fig. 2 SEM images of the post spaces treated with (A) NaCI (0.9%) shows the smear layer covering root canal dentin surface, (B) NaOCl (5.25%) shows the smear layer covering root canal dentin surface, (C) EDTA (17%) shows the open dentinal tubule and (D) 37% H3PO4 shows the open dentinal tubules and erosion of the tubule orifices (E) HELBO TheraLite Laser shows the smear layer covering the root canal dentin surface (Original magnification, ×1000).

  • Fig. 3 Cross-sectional image of the debonded dentin discs. (A) Mixed failure (cement debonded both dentin and post) in NaCI group, (B) Mixed failure (cement debonded both dentin and post) in NaOCl group, (C) Mixed failure (cement debonded both dentin and post) in EDTA group, (D) Mixed failure (cement debonded both dentin and post) in orthophosphoric acid group, (E) Post-cement failure (cement debonded only post) in HELBO TheraLite Laser group. c: Cement, d: Dentin, p: Post. Red arrows show the debonding failure (Original magnification, ×40).

  • Fig. 4 Schematic view of the debonded interfaces: (A) before push out, (B) dentin-cement failure, (C) post-cement failure, (D) both dentin-cement and post-cement failure (mixed failure).


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