J Korean Acad Conserv Dent.  2008 Jul;33(4):397-404. 10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.4.397.

The effect of MTAD as a final root canal irrigants on the coronal bacterial leakage of obturated root canals

• Kim TW
• Chang SW
• Park DS

• KMID: 2176007
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2008.33.4.397

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of MTAD, EDTA and sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) as final irrigants on coronal leakage resistance to Enterococcus faecalis. Forty extracted human maxillary molars were used in this experiment. The teeth were randomly divided into positive control group (Group 1; n = 5), negative control group (Group 2; n = 5) and three experimental groups (n = 30). In Group 3 (n = 10), the root canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. In Group 4 (n = 10) and 5 (n = 10), the root canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and rinsed with EDTA and MTAD, respectively. The teeth in each group were cleaned and shaped to #40 profile with .04 taper, and obturated with gutta-percha and AH-26 root canal sealer. The coronal portion of each tooth was placed in contact with inoculum of Enterococcus faecalis in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture media. Each root tip was placed in a vial containing sterile culture media. The vials were placed in anaerobic chamber and observed everyday for turbidity for 180 days. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact Test. After 180 days, Group 3, 4, and 5 showed 7, 4 and 5 leaking samples respectively. The differences in leakage resistance were not statistically significant among Group 3, 4 and 5.

Keyword

MTAD; Irrigation; Bacterial leakage; Enterococcus faecalis

MeSH Terms

Bismuth
Brain
Culture Media
Dental Pulp Cavity
Edetic Acid
Enterococcus faecalis
Epoxy Resins
Gutta-Percha
Heart
Humans
Meristem
Molar
Root Canal Filling Materials
Root Canal Irrigants
Silver
Sodium
Sodium Hypochlorite
Titanium
Tooth
Bismuth
Culture Media
Edetic Acid
Epoxy Resins
Gutta-Percha
Root Canal Filling Materials
Root Canal Irrigants
Silver
Sodium
Sodium Hypochlorite
Titanium

Reference

1. Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J. 1995. 28:12–18.

2. Khayat A, Lee SJ, Torabinejad M. Human saliva penetration of coronally unsealed obturated root canals. J Endod. 1993. 19:458–461.

3. Magura ME, Kafrawy AH, Brown CE Jr, Newton CW. Human saliva coronal microleakage in obturated root canals: an in vitro study. J Endod. 1991. 17:324–331.

4. Torabinejad M, Ung B, Kettering JD. In vitro bacterial penetration of coronally unsealed endodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 1990. 16:566–569.

5. McComb D, Smith DC. A preliminary scanning electron microscopic study of root canals after endodontic procedures. J Endod. 1975. 1:238–242.

6. Mader CL, Baumgartner JC, Peters DD. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of the smeared layer on root canal walls. J Endod. 1984. 10:477–483.

7. Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1990. 6:142–149.

8. White RR, Goldman M, Lin PS. The influence of the smeared layer upon dentinal tubule penetration by plastic filling materials. J Endod. 1984. 10:558–562.

9. White RR, Goldman M, Lin PS. The influence of the smeared layer upon dentinal tubule penetration by endodontic filling materials. Part II. J Endod. 1987. 13:369–374.

10. Vassiliadis L, Liolios E, Kouvas V, Economides N. Effect of smear layer on coronal microleakage. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996. 82:315–320.

11. Taylor JK, Jeansonne BG, Lemon RR. Coronal leakage: effects of smear layer, obturation technique, and sealer. J Endod. 1997. 23:508–512.

12. Lee JM, Park SH, Choi GW. The effect of smear layer treatment on the microleakage. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2006. 31:378–389.

13. Beltz RE, Torabinejad M, Pouresmail M. Quantitative analysis of the solubilizing action of MTAD, sodium hypochlorite, and EDTA on bovine pulp and dentin. J Endod. 2003. 29:334–337.

14. Shabahang S, Pouresmail M, Torabinejad M. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of MTAD and sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2003. 29:450–452.

15. Shabahang S, Torabinejad M. Effect of MTAD on Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated root canals of extracted human teeth. J Endod. 2003. 29:576–579.

16. Torabinejad M, Cho Y, Khademi AA, Bakland LK, Shabahang S. The effect of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the ability of MTAD to remove the smear layer. J Endod. 2003. 29:233–239.

17. Torabinejad M, Khademi AA, Babagoli J, Cho Y, Johnson WB, Bozhilov K, et al. A new solution for the removal of the smear layer. J Endod. 2003. 29:170–175.

18. Torabinejad M, Shabahang S, Aprecio RM, Kettering JD. The antimicrobial effect of MTAD: an in vitro investigation. J Endod. 2003. 29:400–403.

19. Kim HJ, Park SH, Cho KM, Kim JW. Evaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) on Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2007. 32:121–129.

20. Portenier I, Waltimo T, Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Killing of Enterococcus faecalis by MTAD and chlorhexidine digluconate with or without cetrimide in the presence or absence of dentine powder or BSA. J Endod. 2006. 32:138–141.

21. Tay FR, Pashley DH, Loushine RJ, Doyle MD, Gillespie WT, Weller RN, et al. Ultrastructure of smear layer-covered intraradicular dentin after irrigation with BioPure MTAD. J Endod. 2006. 32:218–221.

22. Ghoddusi J, Rohani A, Rashed T, Ghaziani P, Akbari M. An evaluation of microbial leakage after using MTAD as a final irrigation. J Endod. 2007. 33:173–176.

23. Tay FR, Hosoya Y, Loushine RJ, Pashley DH, Weller RN, Low DC. Ultrastructure of intraradicular dentin after irrigation with BioPure MTAD. II. The consequence of obturation with an epoxy resin-based sealer. J Endod. 2006. 32:473–477.

24. Park DS, Torabinejad M, Shabahang S. The effect of MTAD on the coronal leakage of obturated root canals. J Endod. 2004. 30:890–892.

25. Fathi B, Bahcall J, Maki JS. An in vitro comparison of bacterial leakage of three common restorative materials used as an intracoronal barrier. J Endod. 2007. 33:872–874.

26. Yucel AC, Guler E, Guler AU, Ertas E. Bacterial penetration after obturation with four different root canal sealers. J Endod. 2006. 32:890–893.

27. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998. 85:86–93.

28. Fabricius L, Dahlen G, Holm SE, Moller AJ. Influence of combinations of oral bacteria on periapical tissues of monkeys. Scand J Dent Res. 1982. 90:200–206.

29. Baumgartner G, Zehnder M, Paque F. Enterococcus faecalis type strain leakage through root canals filled with Gutta-Percha/AH plus or Resilon/Epiphany. J Endod. 2007. 33:45–47.

30. Bjorvatn K, Skaug N, Selvig KA. Tetracycline-impregnated enamel and dentin: duration of antimicrobial capacity. Scand J Dent Res. 1985. 93:192–197.

31. Baker PJ, Evans RT, Coburn RA, Genco RJ. Tetracycline and its derivatives strongly bind to and are released from the tooth surface in active form. J Periodontol. 1983. 54:580–585.

32. Tredwin CJ, Scully C, Bagan-Sebastian JV. Drug-induced disorders of teeth. J Dent Res. 2005. 84:596–602.

33. Kim ST, Abbott P. The effects of Ledermix paste as an intracanal medicament on the discolouration of teeth. Aust Endod J. 2000. 26:86–87.

34. Tay FR, Mazzoni A, Pashley DH, Day TE, Ngoh EC, Breschi L. Potential iatrogenic tetracycline staining of endodontically treated teeth via NaOCl/MTAD irrigation: a preliminary report. J Endod. 2006. 32:354–358.

35. Calt S, Serper A. Time-dependent effects of EDTA on dentin structures. J Endod. 2002. 28:17–19.