J Korean Acad Conserv Dent.  2007 May;32(3):222-235. 10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.3.222.

The effect of thermocycling on the durability of dentin adhesive systems

• Moon YH
• Kim JR
• Choi KK
• Park SJ

• KMID: 2175875
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2007.32.3.222

Abstract

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the microTBS (microtensile bond strength) to dentin with four different adhesive systems to examine the bonding durability. Freshly extracted 3rd molar teeth were exposed occlusal dentin surfaces, and randomly distributed into 8 adhesive groups: 3-steps total-etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; SM, All Bond-2; AB), 2-steps total-etching (Single Bond; SB, One Step plus; OS), 2-steps self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE, AdheSE; AD) and single-step self-etching systems (Promp L-Pop; PL, Xeno III; XE). Each adhesive system in 8 adhesives groups was applied on prepared dentin surface as an instruction and resin composite (Z250) was placed incrementally and light-cured. The bonded specimens were sectioned with low-speed diamond saw to obtain 1 x 1 mm sticks after 24 hours of storage at 37degrees C distilled water and proceeded thermocycling at the pre-determined cycles of 0, 1,000 and 2,000. The microTBS test was carried out with EZ-tester at 1 mm/min. The results of bond strength test were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/Duncan's test at the alpha < 0.05 confidence level. Also, the fracture mode of debonded surface and the interface were examined under SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 3-step total etching adhesives showed stable, but bond strength of 2-step adhesives were decreased as thermocycling stress. 2. SE showed the highest bond strength, but single step adhesives (PL, XE) had the lowest value both before and after thermocycling. 3. Most of adhesives showed adhesive failure. The total-etching systems were prone to adhesive failure and the single-step systems were mixed failure after thermocycling. Within limited results of this study, the bond strength of adhesive system was material specific and the bonding durability was affected by the bonding step/procedure of adhesive. Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance.

Keyword

Thermocycling; Bond strength; microTBS; Type of solvent; Total-etch; Self-etch

MeSH Terms

Adhesives*
Dentin*
Diamond
Molar
Tooth
Water
Adhesives
Diamond
Water

Figure

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  Figure 1. Specimen preparation for microtensile bond testing. Composite bonding on dentin surface and vertical slice with 1 ㎜ thickness.

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  Figure 2. Failure modes of the fractured specimens. A. adhesive failure, B. mixed failure, C. cohesive failure

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  Figure 3. Multiple comparison of microtensile bond strength for each adhesive as thermocycling.

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  Figure 4. Bar charts showing the microtensile bond strength according to thermocycling for each adhesive type.

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  Figure 5. Failure modes of the fractured specimens.

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  Figure 6. SEM image of interfaces bonded with SM and fractured surfaces. A,B. Immediate tested specimen. C,D. A specimen after 2,000 thermocycling. The adhesive resin is not deeply infiltrated into dentinal tubules so that resin tags are blunt, but relative thicker hybrid layer are examined. There is no specific difference between both groups. Both fractured surfaces show adhesive failure at mainly the base of hybrid layer and tubules are occluded by fractured resin tags (HL: Hybrid Layer, C: Composite Resin, RT: Resin Tag, DT: Dentinal Tubule).

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  Figure 7. The adhesive interfaces bonded with OS and fractured surface.

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  Figure 8. The adhesive interfaces bonded with AD.

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  Figure 9. SEM image of interfaces bonded with single-step adhesives.

Reference

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