J Korean Acad Conserv Dent.  2004 Nov;29(6):498-503. 10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.6.498.

Cytotoxicity of resin-based root canal sealer, adseal

• Kim HJ
• Baek SH
• Lee WC
• Park HS
• Bae KS

• KMID: 2175650
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2004.29.6.498

Abstract

The properties of ideal root canal sealers include the ability of sealing the total root canal system and no toxic effects to periradicular tissues. Cytotoxicity test using cell culture is a common screening method for evaluation of the biocompatibility of root canal sealers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of newly developed resin-based sealer (Adseal 1, 2, and 3) comparing with those commercial resin-based sealers (AH26 and AH Plus), ZOE-based sealers (Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) and calcium hydroxide based sealer (Sealapex). An indirect contact test of cytotoxicity by agar diffusion was performed according to the international standard ISO 10993-5. L929 fibroblast cells were incubated at 37degrees C in humidified 5% CO2-containing air atmosphere. The freshly mixed test materials were inserted into glass rings of internal diameter 5 mm and height 5 mm placed on the agar. After the 24 hrs incubation period, the decolorization zones around the test materials were assessed using an inverted microscope with a calibrated screen. A Decolorization Index was determined for each specimen. Adseal 1, 2, and 3 did not exert any cytotoxic effects, whereas AH26, AH Plus, Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, and Sealapex produced mild cytotoxicity.

Keyword

Cytotoxicity; Agar diffusion test; Root canal sealer; Decolorization index; Adseal

MeSH Terms

Agar
Atmosphere
Calcium Hydroxide
Cell Culture Techniques
Dental Pulp Cavity*
Diffusion
Fibroblasts
Glass
Mass Screening
Agar
Calcium Hydroxide

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Decolorization zone and cell appearance by agar diffusion test (inverted microscope, left: × 200, right: × 400). Each sealer has two pictures. The left sides show the decolorization zone except Adseal 1, 2, and 3. Adseal 1, 2, and 3 show normal cell morphology and cell density.

Reference

1. Grossman LI, Olivet S, Del-Rio CE. Endodontic Practice. 1998. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Fabiger.

2. Geurtsen W, Leyhausen G. Biological aspects of root canal filling materials - histocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and mutgenicity. Clin Oral Investig. 1997. 1:5–11.

3. Wayman BE, Murata SM, Almeida RJ, Fowler CB. A bacterial and histological evaluation of 58 periapical lesions. J Endod. 1992. 18:152–158.

4. Cohen BI, Pagnillo MK, Musikant BL, Deutsch AS. Evaluation of the release of formaldehyde for three endodontic filing materials. Oral Health. 1998. 88:37–39.

5. Spangberg L, Barbosa SV, Lavigne GD. AH26 releases formaldehyde. J Endod. 1993. 19:596–598.

6. Cohen BI, Pagnillo MK, Musikant BL, Deutsch AS. An in vitro study of the cytotoxicity of two root canal sealers. J Endod. 2000. 26:228–229.

7. Schmalz G. Concepts in biocompatibility testing of dental restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig. 1997. 1:154–162.

8. Beltes P, Koulaouzidou E, Kotoula V, Kortsaris AH. In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1995. 11:245–249.

9. The Internatnal Organization for Standardization. ISO 10993-5. Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 5. Tests for cytotoxicity: in vitro method.

10. Mohammad AR, Mincer HH, Younis O, Dillingham E, Siskin M. Cytotoxicity evaluation of root canal sealers by the tissue culture--agar overlay technique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978. 45:768–773.

11. Briseno BM, Willershausen B. Root canal sealer cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts. 1. Zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers. J Endod. 1990. 16:383–386.

12. Lindqvist L, Otteskog P. Eugenol: liberation from dental materials and effect on human diploid fibroblast cells. Scand J Dent Res. 1980. 88:552–556.

13. Meryon SD, Johnson SG, Smith AJ. Eugenol release and the cytotoxicity of different zinc oxide-eugenol combination. J Dent. 1988. 16:66–70.

14. Meryon SD, Jakeman KJ. The effects in vitro of zinc released from dental restorative materials. Int Endod J. 1985. 18:191–198.

15. Gordon TM, Ranly DM, Boyan BD. The effects of calcium hydroxide on bovine pulp tissue: variations in pH and calcium concentration. J Endod. 1985. 11:156–160.

16. Huang FM, Tai KW, Chou MY, Chang YC. Cytotoxicity of resin-, zinc oxide-eugenol-, and calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers on human periodontal ligament cells and permanent V79 cells. Int Endod J. 2002. 35:153–158.

17. Leonardo RT, Consolaro A, Carlos IZ, Leonardo MR. Evaluation of cell culture cytotoxicity of five root canal sealers. J Endod. 2000. 26:328–330.

18. Briseno BM, Willershausen B. Root canal sealer cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts. Part II. Silicone- and resin-based sealers. J Endod. 1991. 17:537–540.

19. Cohen BI, Pagnillo MK, Musikant BL, Deutsch AS. The evaluation of apical leakage for three endodontic fill systems. Gen Dent. 1998. 46:618–623.

20. Leyhausen G, Heil J, Reifferscheid G, Waldmann P, Geurtsen W. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the epoxy resin-based root canal sealer AH Plus. J Endod. 1999. 25:109–113.

21. Koulaouzidou EA, Papazisis KT, Beltes P, Geromichalos GD, Kortsaris AH. Cytotoxicity of three resin-based root canal sealers: an in vitro evaluation. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1998. 14:182–185.

22. Huang TH, Lii CK, Chou MY, Kao CT. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage of hepatocytes with AH26 and AH Plus sealer treatments. J Endod. 2000. 26:509–511.

23. Kim YB, Baek SH, Bae KS. In vivo study on the biocompatibility of new resin-based root canal sealers. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2002. 27:122–134.

24. Park SY, Lee WC, Lim SS. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial property of new resin-based sealer. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2003. 28:162–168.

25. Chohayeb AA, Chow LC, Tsaknis PJ. Evaluation of calcium phosphate as a root canal sealer-filler material. J Endod. 1987. 13:384–387.

26. Sugawara A, Nishiyama M, Kusama K, Moro I, Nishimura S, Kudo I, Chow LC, Takagi S. Histopathological reactions of calcium phosphate cement. Dent Mater J. 1992. 11:11–16.