Diabetes Metab J.  2013 Dec;37(6):395-403. 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.395.

Targeting the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma to Counter the Inflammatory Milieu in Obesity

• Corzo C
• Griffin PR

• KMID: 2174220
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.395

Abstract

Adipose tissue, which was once viewed as a simple organ for storage of triglycerides, is now considered an important endocrine organ. Abnormal adipose tissue mass is associated with defects in endocrine and metabolic functions which are the underlying causes of the metabolic syndrome. Many adipokines, hormones secreted by adipose tissue, regulate cells from the immune system. Interestingly, most of these adipokines are proinflammatory mediators, which increase dramatically in the obese state and are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Drugs that target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of diabetes. These findings, and the link between inflammation and the metabolic syndrome, will be reviewed here.

Keyword

Diabetes; Hypoglycemic agents; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; PPAR gamma; Protein processing, post-translational; Receptors, cytoplasmic and nuclear; Review; Synthetic ligands; Thiazolidinediones

MeSH Terms

Adipokines
Adipose Tissue
Hypoglycemic Agents
Immune System
Inflammation
Insulin Resistance
Models, Animal
Obesity*
Peroxisomes*
PPAR gamma
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Thiazolidinediones
Triglycerides
Adipokines
Hypoglycemic Agents
PPAR gamma
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Thiazolidinediones
Triglycerides

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Anticipated regulatory effects of selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonists in adipocytes and macrophages: improved expression of insulin-sensitiziting adipokines and lessened inflammatory response. TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-6, interleukin-6; NO, nitric oxide.

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