Ann Dermatol.  2008 Jun;20(2):74-76. 10.5021/ad.2008.20.2.74.

A Case of Congenital Leukemia Cutis

• Hur J
• Kim YS
• Yu HJ
• Kim JS

• KMID: 2172088
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2008.20.2.74

Abstract

Congenital leukemia is a rare condition diagnosed at birth to 6 weeks of life with an estimated incidence of 4.7 per million live births. In a review, about 25~30% of cases were well documented as leukemia cutis. We report a case of a 3-month-old infant presented with asymptomatic multiple erythematous to bluish patches and nodules, which had developed about two months ago. Biopsy of the cutaneous lesions revealed immature cells which are overall monotonous with large kidney shaped nucleus, prominent nucleoli and moderate cytoplasm. These atypical cells stained positive for leukocyte common antigen, lysozyme and CD68. With this result, a congenital leukemia cutis was diagnosed. Six months later, she underwent cord blood stem cell transplantation. Seven months after the cord blood stem cell transplantation, the bone marrow examination revealed a normal result. Leukemia can be presented in the skin, the eruption may be nonspecific and it may precede systemic involvement. The recognition is important because early diagnosis can lead to appropriate treatment, followed by better prognosis.

Keyword

Congenital leukemia cutis; Cord blood stem cell transplantation

MeSH Terms

Antigens, CD45
Biopsy
Bone Marrow Examination
Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Cytoplasm
Early Diagnosis
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Kidney
Leukemia
Live Birth
Muramidase
Parturition
Prognosis
Skin
Antigens, CD45
Muramidase

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Erythematous to bluish patches on right eyelid.

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  Fig. 2 Most of infiltrated cells are immature which are, overall monotonous with large kidney shaped nucleus, prominent nucleoli and moderate cytoplasm (H&E, ×200).

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  Fig. 3 The infiltrative tumor cells show positive response to immunohistochemical staining with CD68 (×200).

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