Clin Endosc.  2013 Sep;46(5):450-455.

Endoscopic Treatment for Early Foregut Neuroendocrine Tumors

• Park MI

Abstract

Foregut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) include those arising in the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and duodenum and seem to have a broad range of clinical behavior from benign to metastatic. Several factors including the advent of screening endoscopy may be related to increased incidence of gastrointestinal NETs; thus, many foregut NETs are diagnosed at an early stage. Early foregut NETs, such as those of the stomach and duodenum, can be managed with endoscopic treatment because of a low frequency of lymph node and distant metastases. However, controversy continues concerning the optimal management of early foregut NETs due to a lack of controlled prospective studies. Several issues such as indications, technical issues, and outcomes of endoscopic treatment for early foregut NETs are reviewed based on some published studies.

Keyword

Stomach; Duodenum; Neuroendocrine tumors; Endoscopic treatment

MeSH Terms

Duodenum
Endoscopy
Esophagus
Incidence
Lymph Nodes
Mass Screening
Neoplasm Metastasis
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Pancreas
Stomach

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Management of gastric carcinoids according to European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) guidelines. Adapted from Nikou et al. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012;2012:287825.29

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