Diabetes Metab J.  2016 Apr;40(2):154-160. 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.154.

The Level of Autoantibodies Targeting Eukaryote Translation Elongation Factor 1 α1 and Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2L3 in Nondiabetic Young Adults

• Kim EG
• Kwak SH
• Hwang D
• Yi EC
• Park KS
• Koo BK
• Kim KM

• KMID: 2162087
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.154

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of novel type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) antibodies targeting eukaryote translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 autoantibody (EEF1A1-AAb) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2L3 autoantibody (UBE2L3-AAb) has been shown to be negatively correlated with age in T1DM subjects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether age affects the levels of these two antibodies in nondiabetic subjects.
METHODS
EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels in nondiabetic control subjects (n=150) and T1DM subjects (n=101) in various ranges of age (18 to 69 years) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cutoff point for the presence of each autoantibody was determined based on control subjects using the formula: [mean absorbance+3×standard deviation].
RESULTS
In nondiabetic subjects, there were no significant correlations between age and EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels. However, there was wide variation in EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels among control subjects <40 years old; the prevalence of both EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb in these subjects was 4.4%. When using cutoff points determined from the control subjects <40 years old, the prevalence of both autoantibodies in T1DM subjects was decreased (EEFA1-AAb, 15.8% to 8.9%; UBE2L3-AAb, 10.9% to 7.9%) when compared to the prevalence using the cutoff derived from the totals for control subjects.
CONCLUSION
There was no association between age and EEF1A1-AAb or UBE2L3-AAb levels in nondiabetic subjects. However, the wide variation in EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels apparent among the control subjects <40 years old should be taken into consideration when determining the cutoff reference range for the diagnosis of T1DM.

Keyword

Autoantibodies; Diabetes mellitus, type 1; Eukaryote translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 autoantibody; Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2L3 autoantibody

MeSH Terms

Antibodies
Autoantibodies*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Diagnosis
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Eukaryota*
Humans
Peptide Elongation Factor 1*
Peptide Elongation Factors*
Prevalence
Reference Values
Young Adult*
Antibodies
Autoantibodies
Peptide Elongation Factor 1
Peptide Elongation Factors

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The mean levels of (A) eukaryote translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 autoantibody (EEF1A1-AAb) and (B) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2L3 autoantibody (UBE2L3-AAb) by age group. The mean values with standard deviation in each age group are shown. There were no differences in the levels of EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb across the age groups in control subjects (black circles). However, the levels of both autoantibodies in subjects that were 18 to 29 years old with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM; black squares) were significantly higher than all of the other age groups (P<0.05) except for subjects 60 to 69 years old (black circles, nondiabetic control subjects; black squares, subjects with T1DM). aSignificantly different compared to nondiabetic control subjects in each age group (P<0.05), bSignificantly different compared to 18- to 29-year-old in each disease status (non-diabetic control group and T1DM, respectively; P<0.05).

• 

  Fig. 2 The level of (A) eukaryote translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 autoantibody (EEF1A1-AAb) and (B) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2L3 autoantibody (UBE2L3-AAb) in control and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) samples. Dotted lines represent the [mean absorbance+3×standard deviation] of the total nondiabetic control subject sample; dashed lines represent the [mean absorbance+3×standard deviation] of control subjects <40 years old; simple solid lines in each age group represent the mean level of EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb within the group (white circles, nondiabetic control subjects; black squares, subjects with T1DM).

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