Treatment outcome of hepatic re-irradiation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Seol, Seung Won; Yu, Jeong Il; Park, Hee Chul; Lim, Do Hoon; Oh, Dongryul; Noh, Jae Myoung; Cho, Won Kyung; Paik, Seung Woon

Abstract

PURPOSE
We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of repeated high dose 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 1998 and 2011, 45 patients received hepatic re-irradiation with high dose 3D-CRT in Samsung Medical Center. After excluding two ineligible patients, 43 patients were retrospectively reviewed. RT was delivered with palliative or salvage intent, and equivalent dose of 2 Gy fractions for alpha/beta = 10 Gy ranged from 31.25 Gy10 to 93.75 Gy10 (median, 44 Gy10). Tumor response and toxicity were evaluated based on the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) ver. 4.0.
RESULTS
The median follow-up duration was 11.2 months (range, 4.1 to 58.3 months). An objective tumor response rate was 62.8%. The tumor response rates were 81.0% and 45.5% in patients receiving > or =45 Gy10 and <45 Gy10, respectively (p = 0.016). The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 11.2 months. The OS was significantly affected by the Child-Pugh class as 14.2 months vs. 6.1 months (Child-Pugh A vs. B, p < 0.001), and modified Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) T stage as 15.6 months vs. 8.3 months (T1-3 vs. T4, p = 0.004), respectively. Grade III toxicities were developed in two patients, both of whom received > or =50 Gy10.
CONCLUSION
Hepatic re-irradiation may be an effective and tolerable treatment for patients who are not eligible for further local treatment modalities, especially in patients with Child-Pugh A and T1-3.