J Korean Diabetes.  2015 Mar;16(1):65-77. 10.4093/jkd.2015.16.1.65.

Self-Care and Related Factors in Young and Middle Adulthood Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

• Jung KM
• Lee SJ
• Park ES
• Park YJ
• Kim SG
• Choi DS

• KMID: 2137286
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/jkd.2015.16.1.65

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study was designed to investigate the level of self-care and related factors such as perceived health status, family support, stress related to diabetes mellitus, self-efficacy, depression, situational influence and glycemic control level in young and middle adulthood patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
For this study, data were collected and individual interviews were conducted from June 1 to July 16, 2012, with 149 young and middle adulthood patients with type 2 diabetes at Korea University Anam Hospital.
RESULTS
The mean score of self-care evaluated in terms of dietary control, medication administration, physical exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose and general healthcare was 63.68 points (20 to 100). The mean scores of various factors related to self-care were as follows: The mean score of perceived health status was 8.90 points (3 to 15), family support was 37.75 points (12 to 48), stress related to diabetes mellitus was 44.61 points (17 to 85), self-efficacy was 26.06 points (10 to 40),depression was 10.19 points (0 to 63) and situational influence was 10.89 points (6 to 24). The most important factors related to self-care were predicted as 45% by self-efficacy and 48% added situational influence. According to age, the most important factors related to self-care were predicted as 77% by self-efficacy in the 20 to 29 age group, 52% by stress related to diabetes mellitus in the 30~39 age group, and 43% by self-efficacy in the 40 to 49 age group.
CONCLUSION
To improve self-care of young and middle adulthood patients with type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention that is useful in strengthening self-efficacy, situational influence and stress related to diabetes.

Keyword

Self-care; Type 2 diabetes; Young and middle adulthood

MeSH Terms

Blood Glucose
Delivery of Health Care
Depression
Diabetes Mellitus
Exercise
Humans
Korea
Nursing
Self Care*
Blood Glucose

Reference

References

1. Korean Diabetes Association. Diabetes educational guidelines. 2nd ed.Seoul: Korean Diabetes Association;2006. p. p3–6.

2. Korean Diabetes Association. Consultation guidelines for diabetes. 4th ed. J Korean Diabetes. 2011; 12(Suppl 1):20–3.

3. Kim SG, Choi DS. The status of diabetes mellitus in Korea. J Korean Med Assoc. 2008; 51:791–8.

4. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The Forth Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey [KNHANES IV-2] (2010). Available from:. https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/. (accessed 2010 Oct 26).

5. Jang HS, Adult development and aging psychology. 2nd ed.Seoul: Park Young Sa;2012. p. p14–5.

6. Go CH. Development and effect of education for coping with problem situation in patient with diabetes mellitus [master's thesis]. Jinju: Gyeongsang National University;2003.

7. Park BS. Self-management and health-related quality of life in adolescent and adulthood diabetic patients [master's thesis]. Wonju: Yonsei University;2004.

8. Korean Diabetes Association. 14th diabetes educational training lecture. J Korean Diabetes. 2011; 12(Suppl 2):1–4.

9. Kim YO. A predictive model of self-care behavior in diabetes patient(s) (based on stress-coping model structure) [doctor's thesis]. Seoul: Yonsei University;1996.

10. Lawton MP, Moss M, Fulcomer M, Kleban MH. A research and service oriented multilevel assessment instrument. J Gerontol. 1982; 37:91–9.

11. Jo YI. A structural model for health promotion behaviors and the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [doctor's thesis]. Seoul: Kyung Hee University;2004.

12. Koo MO. Structural model on self-care behavior and metabolic control in diabetes patients [doctor's thesis]. Seoul: Seoul National University;1992.

13. Polonsky WH, Anderson BJ, Lohrer PA, Welch G, Jacobson AM, Aponte JE, Schwartz CE. Assessment of diabetes-related distress. Diabetes Care. 1995; 18:754–60.

14. Choi EJ. Factors related to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [doctor's thesis]. Seoul: Yonsei University;2007.

15. Hurley AC. Measuring self care ability in patients with diabetes: the insulin management diabetes self-efficacy scale. Strickland OL, Waltz CF, editors. Measurement of nursing outcomes. Vol. 4, Measuring client self-care and coping skills. New York: Springer Publishing;1990. p. p28–44.

16. Choi EO. Effects of empowerment education program for the type 2 diabetics on the empowerment, self-care behavior and the glycemic control [doctor's thesis]. Seoul: Seoul National University;1999.

17. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. BDI-II, Beck depression inventory: manual. 2nd ed.San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation;1996. p. p1–38.

18. Kim MS, Lee IS, Lee CS. Study on the validation of BDI-2 in female college students. J Korean Psychol Assoc. 2007; 26(Suppl 4):997–1014.

19. Glasgow RE, McCaul KD, Schafer LC. Barriers to regimen adherence among persons with insulin-dependent diabetes. J Behav Med. 1986; 9:65–77.

20. Irvine AA, Saunders JT, Blank MB, Carter WR. Validation of scale measuring environmental barriers to diabetes-regimen adherence. Diabetes Care. 1990; 13:705–11.

21. Korean Diabetes Association. 23th diabetes educator seminar. J Korean Diabetes. 2012; 13(Suppl 5):45–9.

22. Cohen, Jacob. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed.Hilsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers;1988.

23. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A. Statistical power analyses using G∗Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Method. 2009; 41:1149–60.

24. Kim JH, Jang SA. Effect of diabetes education program on glycemic control and self-management for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Korean Diabetes. 2009; 33:518–29.