Follow-up Study of Children with Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity

Kwon, Hyok Joo; Song, Young Hwan; Kang, Soo Jung; Kang, Hyoung Jin; Choi, Hyoung Soo; Bae, Eun Jung; Shin, Hee Young; Noh, Chung Il; Yun, Yong Soo; Ahn, Hyo Seop

Abstract

PURPOSE
We studied the relationship between anthracycline cumulative dose and anthracycline cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer and followed up 40 children with anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
METHODS
A retrospective study was performed in 154 children who received anthracycline chemotherapy between January 1995 to December 2000. Cardiotoxicity was defined when the left ventricular fractional shortening(FS) was below 26%; it was divided into two groups, mild and severe cardiotoxicity, according to the FS. We followed up survivors with cardiotoxicity, and checked their present cardiac function by physical activity, echocardiography, electrocardiography(EKG) and chest X-ray.
RESULTS
Of the 154 children treated with anthracyclines, forty(26.0%) were diagnosed as cardiotoxicity. The incidence of cardiotoxicity increased in exponential fashion with increases in the cumulative dose of anthracyclines. There was minimal increase of incidence until a dose of 300 mg/m2 after which the incidence increased rapidly. After mean 3.8+/-1.8 year follow-up of 23 survivors with cardiotoxicity, FS increased significantly. EKG and chest X-rays were not helpful for the diagnosis of cardiotoxicity because of their low sensitivity and specificity.
CONCLUSION
Although convenient, non-invasive and inexpensive, EKG and chest X-rays were not helpful for the follow-up of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Almost all survivors with anthracycline cardiotoxicity have improved in both physical activity and echocardiographic findings after discontinuation of anthracyclines.