Korean J Perinatol.  2013 Dec;24(4):300-305. 10.14734/kjp.2013.24.4.300.

A Case of Non-Immune Hydrops Fetalis due to Umbilical Venous Malformation and Noonan Syndrome

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. lamb4122@snu.ac.kr

Abstract

Anomalies of the fetal venous system are rare. Major portion of fetal venous anomalies are malformation of umbilical vein and ductus venosus. Abnormal umbilico-systemic shunt, bypassing the ductus venosus makes direct connection between the high-pressure umbilical system and the low-pressure systemic system. And it makes adverse to the fetal hemodynamics. Fetal hemodynamic distress may induce fetal growth retardation, hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, hydrops fetalis and fetal death. We report a case of non-immune hydrops fetalis which was associated with abnormal umbilical vein pathway. Our patient had bifurcated umbilical veins. Main branch of umbilical vein was drained directly to the left internal iliac vein and another branch was drained to the portal vein. After birth, extrahepatic shunt through main branch of umbilical vein that bypassed the portal system was persisted and thrombocytopenia was combined due to consumption in thrombus of a dilated anomalous umbilical vein. Later this case was diagnosed as Noonan syndrome with a genetic testing.

Keyword

Vascular malformations; Umbilical veins; Fetus; Non immune hydrops fetalis; Noonan syndrome

MeSH Terms

Cardiomegaly
Fetal Death
Fetal Growth Retardation
Fetus
Genetic Testing
Hemodynamics
Hepatomegaly
Humans
Hydrops Fetalis*
Iliac Vein
Noonan Syndrome*
Parturition
Portal System
Portal Vein
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombosis
Umbilical Veins
Vascular Malformations

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Fetal USG at PMA 24+2 weeks. It reveals that umbilical vein(∗) drains into internal iliac vein in pelvis.

  • Fig. 2 Infantogram at postnatal day 1. It shows pleural effusion, cardiomegaly, gasless abdomen and marked subcutaneous edema. Endotracheal tube and gastric tube were inserted.

  • Fig. 3 (A-C) Portosystemic shunt pathway (arrow) detected in abdomen CT images. Blood flow from the portal vein drains to the left internal iliac vein through patent umbilical vein branches, which are bifurcated below umbilicus.


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