Therapeutic Effects and Prognostic Factors of Kyphoplasty for Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Burst Fracture Patients

Cho, Kwang Chun; Park, Sung Choon; Seo, Dae Hee; Lee, Kyu Chang; Choe, Il Seung

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
There are few studies of osteoporotic burst fractures with spinal canal compromise that were treated with kyphoplasty. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and the safety of kyphoplasty for the treatment of thoracolumbar spine osteoporotic burst fractures without neurological deficits and to investigate predictors that can improve the effectiveness of this treatment.
METHODS
From October 2004 until December 2010, 79 osteoporotic burst fracture patients with asymptomatic spinal canal compromise were treated by kyphoplasty. Kyphoplasty involved injecting polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) from the anterior one-third of the vertebral body into the posterior one-third of the vertebral body. PMMA powder and liquid were mixed in a ratio of 1:3 at 21-23degrees C. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scores (VAS), kyphotic angles, the heights of the vertebral body, and the degrees of spinal canal compromise were analyzed. The relationships between the factors and the VAS difference between the preoperative and postoperative states were analyzed.
RESULTS
The mean postoperative VAS, the postoperative kyphotic angle, the vertebral body height measurement from the anterior and the middle of the body were significantly improved after kyphoplasty (p<0.05). Postoperatively, the mean VAS was restored from 7.35 to 2.11, the postoperative kyphotic angle was restored from 18.21degrees to 12.08degrees, the vertebral body height measurement from the anterior of the body was from 18.56mm to 23.54mm and the middle of the body was from 24.81mm to 27.90mm. Among the variables, only the duration of symptoms before surgical treatment was implicated as a factor in the outcome (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION
Kyphoplasty is a very effective and safe therapeutic modality for the treatment of osteoporotic burst fractures without neurological deficits. The standardization of this procedure helps to avoid complications. In the acute stages, early treatment is more effective for the reduction of pain. Further investigation is warranted in order to assess the effectiveness of early surgery in improving outcome.