Neonatal Med.  2013 Feb;20(1):51-57. 10.5385/nm.2013.20.1.51.

Insensible Water Loss during the First Week of Life of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Less than 25 Gestational Weeks under High Humidification

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. wonspark@skku.edu
  • 2Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.

Abstract

PURPOSE
Extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs), especially those < or =24 gestational weeks (GW), presented extremes in IWL and changes of water balance. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively investigate fluid and electrolyte balance in infants of < or =24-GW during the first postnatal week under high humidification.
METHODS
Medical records of extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) who were born and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Samsung Medical Center during March 2004-September 2010 were reviewed. Fluid intake, urine output, insensible water loss (IWL) and electrolyte balance of 22-GW (n=14), 23-GW (n=40) and 24-GW (n=67) infants nursed in high humidity (95%) were compared with > or =26-GW (n=65) infants nursed in 60% humidity.
RESULTS
Survival rate until discharge was 33%, 82%, 75% and 89.3% in 22-GW, 23-GW, 24-GW and > or =26-GW infants, respectively. Compared to > or =26-GW infants, fluid intake and IWL was higher in 22-GW and 23-WG, but not as different in 24-GW. At postnatal day (P) 3-5, urine output was significantly lower in > or =26-GW infants than in the other age groups. Serum sodium level was significantly higher in 22-, 23- and 24-GW (P1-2) than in > or =26-GW infants. Hypernatremia (>150 mEq/dl sodium) was more frequent in 22-GW (71%), 23-GW (41%) and 24-GW (21%) than in > or =26-GW infants (14%).
CONCLUSION
High-humidity environments significantly decreased fluid intake and improved electrolyte imbalance in 24-GW, but not in 22- and 23-GW infants. Increased IWL in the latter might be related to more immature skin, implicating the need for additional nurturing conditions.

Keyword

Electrolytes; Extremely-low-birth-weight infant; Humidity; Insensible water loss

MeSH Terms

Electrolytes
Humans
Humidity
Hypernatremia
Infant
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Newborn
Intensive Care, Neonatal
Medical Records
Retrospective Studies
Skin
Sodium
Survival Rate
Water Loss, Insensible
Water-Electrolyte Balance
Electrolytes
Sodium
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