Electrolyte Blood Press.  2009 Dec;7(2):38-41. 10.5049/EBP.2009.7.2.38.

Water and Sodium Regulation in Heart Failure

• Bae EH
• Ma SK

• KMID: 2052317
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2009.7.2.38

Abstract

Heart failure is the pathophysiological state characterized by ventricular dysfunction and associated clinical symptoms. Decreased cardiac output or peripheral vascular resistance lead to arterial underfilling. That is an important signal which triggers multiple neurohormonal systems to maintain adequate arterial pressure and peripheral perfusion of the vital organs. The kidney is the principal organ affected when cardiac output declines. Alterations of hemodynamics and neurohormonal systems in heart failure result in renal sodium and water retention. Activation of sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and non-osmotic vasopressin release stimulate the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium and water. Dysregulation of aquaporin-2 and sodium transporters also play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal sodium and water retention.

Keyword

heart failure; aquaporins; sodium-potassium-chloride symporters; sodium chloride symporters; epithelial sodium channel

MeSH Terms

Aquaporin 2
Aquaporins
Arterial Pressure
Cardiac Output
Epithelial Sodium Channels
Heart
Heart Failure
Hemodynamics
Kidney
Perfusion
Renin-Angiotensin System
Retention (Psychology)
Sodium
Sodium Chloride Symporters
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
Sympathetic Nervous System
Vascular Resistance
Vasopressins
Ventricular Dysfunction
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Aquaporin 2
Aquaporins
Epithelial Sodium Channels
Sodium
Sodium Chloride Symporters
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
Vasopressins
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

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