Clin Endosc.  2014 Mar;47(2):135-140. 10.5946/ce.2014.47.2.135.

Sedation Regimens for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. endomoon@naver.com

Abstract

Sedation allows patients to tolerate unpleasant endoscopic procedures by relieving anxiety, discomfort, or pain. It also reduces a patient's risk of physical injury during endoscopic procedures, while providing the endoscopist with an adequate setting for a detailed examination. Sedation is therefore considered by many endoscopists to be an essential component of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopic sedation by nonanesthesiologists is a worldwide practice and has been proven effective and safe. Moderate sedation/analgesia is generally accepted as an appropriate target for sedation by nonanesthesiologists. This focused review describes the general principles of endoscopic sedation, the detailed pharmacology of sedatives and analgesics (focused on midazolam, propofol, meperidine, and fentanyl), and the multiple regimens available for use in actual practice.

Keyword

Sedation; Endoscopy; Analgesia; Endoscopic sedation

MeSH Terms

Analgesia
Analgesics
Anxiety
Endoscopy
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal*
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Meperidine
Midazolam
Pharmacology
Propofol
Analgesics
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Meperidine
Midazolam
Propofol

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Gwan Woo Hong, Jun Kyu Lee, Jung Hyeon Lee, Ji Hun Bong, Sung Hun Choi, Hyeki Cho, Ji Hyung Nam, Dong Kee Jang, Hyoun Woo Kang, Jae Hak Kim, Yun Jeong Lim, Moon Soo Koh, Jin Ho Lee
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