A Study on the Uterine Myoma in Pregnancy

Kim, Ho Jun; Byun, Ju Soo

Abstract

Uterine myomas are observed in pregnancy more frequently at recent than in the past because many women are delaying childbearing to their late ages, the time of greatest risk to the myoma growth. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of uterine myoma on pregnancy. 148 pregnant women whose myomas were detected during the antenatal care participated in this study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Chonnam University Hospital from the March 1993 to May 1997. Clinical mani- festations such as number, size, type and location of myoma and relation of the placenta to the myoma, and related these findings to complications caused by myomas were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The mean maternal age was 32.3 in the patients of pregnancy with uterine myomas and the proportion of primiparity was 62.2%. 2. The most common type of uterine myomas was intramural (55.2%), and the most common location was the anterior part of uterine corpus. 3. The common sizes of uterine myoms were from 3 to 4.9cm. 4. Pregnancies with uterine myomas were ended to spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and full term delivery. The proportion of spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and full term delivery were 13.5%, 18.9%, and 67.6% respec- tively. 5. There was an significantly increased frequency of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women with intramural myoma, and the proportion was 23.2%. 6. There was an significantly increased frequency of intrauterine growth retar- dation in subjects of the placenta-overlied myoma. 7. The low 1-Minute Apgar score was more frequent in intramural type of myoma mass (15.1%), with a significant difference. 8. The low 5-Minute Apgar score was more frequent in intramural type of myoma mass (11.3%), with a significant difference. 9. The frequency of premature labor was significantly higher in multiple uterine myomas group (44.0%) than in single uterine myoma group (16.5%), and the frequency of intrauterine growth retardation was significantly higher in multiple uterine myomas group (24.0%) than in single uterine myoma group (8.7%). 10. At delivery, the proportion of vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery were 56.2% and 43.8% respectively, and cesarean hysterec- tomies were done in 2 cases (1.6%).