J Korean Soc Radiol.  2015 Sep;73(3):137-146. 10.3348/jksr.2015.73.3.137.

Lung Cancer Screening: Update

• Kim HY

• KMID: 2043603
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2015.73.3.137

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide as well as in Korea. A recent National Lung Screening Trial in U.S. revealed that low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduced lung cancer specific mortality by 20% in high risk individuals as compared to chest radiograph screening. Based on this evidence, several expert societies in U.S. and Korean multisociety collaborative committee developed guidelines for recommendation of lung cancer screening using annual LDCT in high risk populations. In most of the societies high risk groups are defined as persons aged 55 to 74 years, who are current smokers with history of smoking of more than 30 packs per year or ex-smokers, who quit smoking up to 15 or more years ago. The benefits of LDCT screening are modestly higher than the harms in high risk individuals. The harms included a high rate of false-positive findings, over-diagnosis and radiation-related deaths. Invasive diagnostic procedure due to false positive findings may lead to complications. LDCT should be performed in qualified hospitals and interpreted by expert radiologists. Recently, the American College of Radiology released the current version of Lung cancer CT screening Reporting and Data Systems. Education and actions to stop smoking must be offered to current smokers.

MeSH Terms

Early Detection of Cancer
Education
Humans
Information Systems
Korea
Lung Neoplasms*
Lung*
Mass Screening*
Mortality
Radiography, Thoracic
Smoke
Smoking
Tomography, Spiral Computed
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Smoke

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