J Korean Acad Prosthodont.  2013 Jul;51(3):167-174. 10.4047/jkap.2013.51.3.167.

Evaluation of titanium surface properties by Nd: YVO4 laser irradiation: pilot study

• Kim AR
• Park JY
• Kim Y
• Jun SW
• Seo YJ
• Park SW

• KMID: 2000165
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2013.51.3.167

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to evaluate the roughness and surface alternations of three differently blasted titanium discs treated by Nd: YVO4 Laser irradiation in different conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty commercially pure titanium discs were prepared and divided into three groups. Each group was consisted of 10 samples and blasted by ZrO2 (zirconium dioxide), Al2O3 (aluminum oxide), and RBM (resorbable blasted media). All the samples were degreased by ultrasonic cleaner afterward. Nine different conditions were established by changing scanning speed (100, 300, 500 mm/s) and repetition rate (5, 15, 35 kHz) of Nd: YVO4 Laser (Laser Pro D-20, Laserval Korea(R) Seoul, South Korea). After laser irradiation, a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis, and surface roughness analysis were used to assess the roughness and surface alternations of the samples.
RESULTS
According to a scanning electron microscope (SEM), titanium discs treated with laser irradiation showed characteristic patterns in contrast to the control which showed irregular patterns. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, only Al2O3 group showed its own peak. The oxidation tendency and surface roughness of titanium were similar to the control in the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis. The surface roughness was inversely proportional to the scanning speed, whereas proportional to the repetition rate of Nd: YVO4.
CONCLUSION
The surface microstructures and roughness of the test discs were modified by the radiation of Nd: YVO4 laser. Therefore, laser irradiation could be considered one of the methods to modify implant surfaces for the enhancement of osseointegration.

Keyword

Nd: YVO4 laser; Titanium surface; Blasting media

MeSH Terms

Electrons
Osseointegration
Pilot Projects
Surface Properties
Titanium
Ultrasonics
X-Ray Diffraction
Titanium

Figure

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  Fig. 1. SEM micrographs of titanium disc without laser irradiation at original magnification of ×1,000. A: group Z, B: group A, C: group R.

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  Fig. 2. SEM micrographs of titanium disc by laser irradiation at original magnification of ×1,000. A: bead form in group Z, B: wave-like pattern in group A, C: parallel scratch in group R. ∗ Specimen number is S1R35.

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  Fig. 3. The XRD spectra of the Ti specimen surfaces. A: group Z, B: group A, C: group R.

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  Fig. 4. The result of EDX analysis in group Z.

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  Fig. 5. The result of EDX analysis in group A.

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  Fig. 6. The result of EDX analysis in group R.

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  Fig. 7. Changes of surface roughness by Scanning Speed and Repetition rate: A, group Z; B, group A; C, group R.

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