The Regenerative effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Enamel Matrix Protein on Grade III Furcation defects in beagle dogs

Kim, Young Jun; Lim, Sung Bin; Chung, Chin Hyung; Hong, Ki Seok

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to study the histopathological correlation between the use of platelet-rich plasma and enamel matrix protein used in conjunction with xenograft, compared to a control group with regards to bone regeneration at the grade III furcation area in beagle dogs. Control group was treated with bovine derived bone powder(Biocera(R)), and experimental I group was treated with bovine derived bone powder and Platelet-rich plasma and experimental II group was treated with bovine derived bone powder and Enamel matrix protein(Emdogain(R)). The regeneration rate of bone formation was observed and compared histopathologically at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The results were as follows: 1. In control group and both experimental groups, inflammatory cells were observed but, new bone formation wasn't. 2. In control group, new cementum on the notch was found in 4 weeks, less mature periodontal ligament when compared to that of experimental group was found and cementum formation was great but, regeneration couldn't be seen in 8 weeks. 3. Experimental I group, new bone formation in the area adjacent to alveolar bone and graft material surrounded by more dense connective tissue were found in 4 weeks. New bone formation up to crown portion was found and periodontal ligament was aligned functionally and cementum more mature. 4. Experimental II group, new bone formation was found under the defect area in 4 weeks and new bone formation around graft material in 8 weeks, too, and there were a number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, acellular cementum, which was less mature when compared to that of experimental I group, and dense collagen fiber like which normal periodontal ligament has in periodontal ligament of experimental II group in 8 weeks. 5. As a result of histologic finding, bone formation rate were 18.0+/-7.87%(control group), 34.05+/-7.25%(experimental I group), 19.33 +/-5.15%(experimental II group) in 4 weeks and 21.89+/-1.58%(control group), 38.82+/-3.2(experimental I group), 37.65+/-9.22%(experimental II group) in 8 weeks. 6. Statistically significant ratio of bone formation was observed in experimental I group in 4 weeks and in experimental II group in 8 weeks. When experimental I group was compared to experimental II group, the ratio of bone formation in experimental I group was higher than that in experimental II group in 4 weeks(p<0.05). This results suggest that platelet-rich plasma showed more new bone formation than enamel matrix protein within 4 weeks. And use of enamel matrix protein in the treatment of periodontal bone defects starts to enhance regeneration after 8 weeks in beagle dogs.