Korean J Orthod.  2008 Jun;38(3):159-174. 10.4041/kjod.2008.38.3.159.

The effect of cortical punching on the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL in the periodontal tissue during tooth movement in rats

• Park WK
• Kim SS
• Park SB
• Son WS
• Kim YD
• Jun ES
• Park MH

• KMID: 1975905
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2008.38.3.159

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cortical punching could stimulate the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL during tooth movement by immunohistochemistry. METHODS: 34 sprague-dawley rats (15 weeks old) were allocated into 3 groups: TMC group (experimental group; Tooth Movement with Corticotomy, n = 16), TM group (control group; Tooth Movement only group, n = 16), and non-treatment group (n = 2). 20 gm of orthodontic force was applied to rat incisors by inserting elastic bands. The duration of force application was 1, 4, 7 and 14 days. A microscrew (diameter 1.2 mm) was used for cortical punching of the palatal side of the upper incisors in the TMC group. RESULTS: Distributions of OPG, RANK, and RANKL were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. OPG, RANK and RANKL were observed on experimental and control groups. On the compression side, the degree of the expression of OPG decreased in both groups. The expression of RANK was most prominent in the experimental group of day 4. The expression of RANKL was most intensive and extensive in the experimental group of day 7. However, the expression of OPG was decreased in the experimental and control groups compared to the non treatment group. The expression of OPG, RANK and RANKL after force application were decreased at day 14. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that cortical punching might stimulate remodeling of alveolar bone during a 2 week period of tooth movement without any pathologic change.

Keyword

Cortical punching; OPG; RANK; RANKL

MeSH Terms

Animals
Immunohistochemistry
Incisor
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Tooth
Tooth Movement

Figure

• 

  Fig 1. A-D OPG immunohistochemical staining photomicrographs. (Horizontal section, 4µm thick, original magnification × 400). Compression side of TMC group on day 1 (A), tension side of TMC group on day 1 (B), compression side of TM group on day 1 (C), tension side of TM group on day 1 (D). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm. On the tension side, OPG expression increased from day 1 in both TMC and TM groups.

• 

  Fig 1. E-H Compression side of TMC group on day 4 (E), tension side of TMC group on day 4 (F), compression side of TM group on day 4 (G), and tension side of TM group on day 4 (H). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 1. I-L Compression side of TMC group on day 7 (I), tension side of TMC group on day 7 (J), compression side of TM group on day 7 (K), and tension side of TM group on day 7 (L). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. L, Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 1. M-P Compression side of TMC group on day 14 (M), tension side of TMC group on day 14 (N), compression side of TM group on day 14 (O), and tension side of TM group on day 14 (P). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 2. A-D RANK-immunohistochemical staining photomicrographs (horizontal section, 4µm thick, original magnification × 400). Compression side of TMC group on day 1 (A), tension side of TMC group on day 1 (B), compression side of TM group on day 1 (C), and tension side of TM group on day 1 (D). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm. On pressure side, RANK appeared associated with osteoclasts and peridontal ligament cells in both TMC and TM groups. On day 4, RANK expression on the compression side of TMC group was greater than that of TM group.

• 

  Fig 2. E-H Compression side of TMC group on day 4 (E), tension side of TMC group on day 4 (F), compression side of TM group on day 4 (G), and tension side of TM group on day 4 (H). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 2. I-L Compression side of TMC group on day 7 (I), tension side of TMC group on day 7 (J), compression side of TM group on day 7 (K), and tension side of TM group on day 7 (L). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 2. M-P Compression side of TMC group on day 14 (M), tension side of TMC group on day 14 (N), compression side of TM group on day 14 (O), and tension side of TM group on day 14 (P). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 3. A-D RANKL immunohistochemical staining photomicrographs of experimental and control groups (horizontal section, 4µm thick, original magnification × 400). Compression side of TMC group on day 1 (A), tension side of TMC group on day 1 (B), compression side of TM group on day 1 (C), and tension side of TM group on day 1 (D). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm. On the compression side, RANKL appeared associated with osteoclasts, periodontal ligment cells and perivascular cells in both TMC and TM groups. On the compression side, RANKL expression of TMC group was more intensive and extensive than that of TM group on day 7.

• 

  Fig 3. E-H Compression side of TMC group on day 4 (E), tension side of TMC group on day 4 (F), compression side of TM group on day 4 (G), and tension side of TM group on day 4 (H). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 3. I-L Compression side of TMC group on day 7 (I), tension side of TMC group on day 7 (J), compression side of TM group on day 7 (K), and tension side of TM group on day 7 (L). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

• 

  Fig 3. M-P Compression side of TMC group on day 14 (M), tension side of TMC group on day 14 (N), compression side of TM group on day 14 (O), and tension side of TM group on day 14 (P). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

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