Korean J Orthod.  2014 May;44(3):128-135. 10.4041/kjod.2014.44.3.128.

Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the buccal epithelial cells of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with three light-cured bonding composites by using micronucleus testing

• Toy E
• Yuksel S
• Ozturk F
• Karatas OH
• Yalcin M

• KMID: 1974998
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.3.128

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fixed orthodontic treatment with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites by analyzing micronucleus (MN) formation in the buccal mucosa during a 6-month period.
METHODS
Thirty healthy volunteers were selected from consecutive patients referred for orthodontic treatment. Equilibrium 2 brackets and molar tubes (Dentaurum) were bonded with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites-Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe), or GrenGloo (Ormco Corporation)- to all teeth in both arches. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were scraped from the middle part of the inner cheeks with sterile cement spatulas before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. MNs and nuclear alterations, such as karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), and binucleated cells (BNs), were scored under a light microscope. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to calculate statistical differences in degenerative nuclear abnormalities.
RESULTS
MN rates did not significantly differ among different time points within the same cell type (p > 0.05). In contrast, the number of BNs in buccal epithelial cells significantly increased in all composite groups (p < 0.01, Transbond XT; p < 0.001, Kurasper F and GrenGloo). KL frequency significantly increased between the beginning and end of the study in the Kurasfer F (0.80 +/- 0.79 to 1.90 +/- 1.10; p < 0.05) and GrenGloo (1.30 +/- 1.06 to 2.40 +/- 1.08; p < 0.05) groups.
CONCLUSIONS
After 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment with different light-cured composites, morphological signs of cytotoxicity were observed but genotoxic effects were absent.

Keyword

Genotoxicity; Cytotoxicity; Buccal epithelial cells; Orthodontic composites; Micronucleus test

MeSH Terms

Cheek
Epithelial Cells*
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Micronucleus Tests*
Molar
Mouth Mucosa
Tooth

Figure

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  Figure 1 Normal cells stained with acridine orange (×1,000).

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  Figure 2 Formation of micronucleus stained with acridine orange (×1,000).

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  Figure 3 Cytotoxicity evaluation in this study. A, Binucleated cell; B, karyolysis and cell death; C, binucleated cell and karyorrhexis stained with acridine orange (×1,000).

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