J Adv Prosthodont.  2014 Aug;6(4):295-301. 10.4047/jap.2014.6.4.295.

A simplified etching technique to improve the adhesion of fiber post

• Majeti C
• Veeramachaneni C
• Morisetty
• Rao SA
• Tummala M

• KMID: 1974849
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2014.6.4.295

Abstract

PURPOSE
Numerous methods were used to etch the fiber posts to improve its bonding to root canal dentin. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of 37% phosphoric acid in etching fiber posts in comparison with 24% hydrogen peroxide.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety human maxillary central incisors were taken and post space preparation was done. Ninety fiber posts were taken and divided into three groups (n=30) based on the surface treatment they received (H3PO4, H2O2, distilled water) and each group was further divided (n=10) based on the time period of application (15 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds). All the posts were luted into canals using Rely X UniCem-2. Each tooth was then sectioned into six slices and subjected to push out test. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis at P<.05. The surface topography was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Highest bond strength values were noted in 15 seconds etched phosphoric acid group and 60 seconds etched hydrogen peroxide group with no significant difference between two groups. Surface topography revealed complete epoxy layer removal with no damage to its structural integrity in those groups.
CONCLUSION
H3PO4 etching for a period of 15 seconds is an effective alternative in improving the adhesion of fiber post to root dentin.

Keyword

Bond strength; Fiber posts; Hydrogen peroxide etching; Phosphoric acid etching; Scanning electron microscopy

MeSH Terms

Dental Pulp Cavity
Dentin
Humans
Hydrogen Peroxide
Incisor
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Tooth
Hydrogen Peroxide

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 (A) Sectioning of tooth into six 2 mm sections, (B) Thin slice (2 mm) showing the post at center adhered to dentin, (C) Specimen placement in Universal Testing Machine, (D) Pictorial representation of cross-section of push out test.

• 

  Fig. 2 Comparison of bond strength of different etchants at various time periods and at various root regions (Mean Values).

• 

  Fig. 3 SEM topographic images. (A) distilled water for 15 sec, (B) distilled water for 30 sec, (C) distilled water for 60 sec, (D) H3PO4 for 15 sec, (E) H3PO4for 30 sec, (F) H3PO4for 60 sec, (G) H2O2for 15 sec, (H) H2O2for 30 sec, (I) H2O2for 60 sec. Arrows in image A, B, C, G, H shows the epoxy layer covering the fibers; arrows in image D, I show clearly exposed glass fibers with complete epoxy layer removal; arrows in image E, F shows the areas where damage to fiber integrity has occurred.

• 

  Fig. 4 Stereomicroscopic images (A) specimen before push out test, (B) adhesive failure between cement and post, (C) adhesive failure between cement and dentin, (D) cohesive failure within the cement. Arrows in image A shows the junction between luting agent and post, in image B shows the cement adhering to dentin, in image C represents dentin free of cement, in image D shows cement adhered both to the post and inner dentinal surface.

Reference

1. Sorrentino R, Salameh Z, Zarone F, Tay FR, Ferrari M. Effect of post-retained composite restoration of MOD preparations on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. J Adhes Dent. 2007; 9:49–56.

2. Salameh Z, Sorrentino R, Papacchini F, Ounsi HF, Tashkandi E, Goracci C, Ferrari M. Fracture resistance and failure patterns of endodontically treated mandibular molars restored using resin composite with or without translucent glass fiber posts. J Endod. 2006; 32:752–755.

3. Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod. 2004; 30:289–301.

4. Cagidiaco MC, García-Godoy F, Vichi A, Grandini S, Goracci C, Ferrari M. Placement of fiber prefabricated or custom made posts affects the 3-year survival of endodontically treated premolars. Am J Dent. 2008; 21:179–184.

5. Ferrari M, Cagidiaco MC, Grandini S, De Sanctis M, Goracci C. Post placement affects survival of endodontically treated premolars. J Dent Res. 2007; 86:729–734.

6. Monticelli F, Grandini S, Goracci C, Ferrari M. Clinical behavior of translucent-fiber posts: a 2-year prospective study. Int J Prosthodont. 2003; 16:593–596.

7. Schmitter M, Rammelsberg P, Gabbert O, Ohlmann B. Influence of clinical baseline findings on the survival of 2 post systems: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Prosthodont. 2007; 20:173–178.

8. Tay FR, Pashley DH. Monoblocks in root canals: a hypothetical or a tangible goal. J Endod. 2007; 33:391–398.

9. Goracci C, Raffaelli O, Monticelli F, Balleri B, Bertelli E, Ferrari M. The adhesion between prefabricated FRC posts and composite resin cores: microtensile bond strength with and without post-silanization. Dent Mater. 2005; 21:437–444.

10. Mazzitelli C, Ferrari M, Toledano M, Osorio E, Monticelli F, Osorio R. Surface roughness analysis of fiber post conditioning processes. J Dent Res. 2008; 87:186–190.

11. Valandro LF, Yoshiga S, de Melo RM, Galhano GA, Mallmann A, Marinho CP, Bottino MA. Microtensile bond strength between a quartz fiber post and a resin cement: effect of post surface conditioning. J Adhes Dent. 2006; 8:105–111.

12. Monticelli F, Toledano M, Tay FR, Cury AH, Goracci C, Ferrari M. Post-surface conditioning improves interfacial adhesion in post/core restorations. Dent Mater. 2006; 22:602–609.

13. Lassila LV, Tanner J, Le Bell AM, Narva K, Vallittu PK. Flexural properties of fiber reinforced root canal posts. Dent Mater. 2004; 20:29–36.

14. Sahafi A, Peutzfeld A, Asmussen E, Gotfredsen K. Effect of surface treatment of prefabricated posts on bonding of resin cement. Oper Dent. 2004; 29:60–68.

15. Sahafi A, Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E, Gotfredsen K. Bond strength of resin cement to dentin and to surface-treated posts of titanium alloy, glass fiber, and zirconia. J Adhes Dent. 2003; 5:153–162.

16. Monticelli F, Osorio R, Sadek FT, Radovic I, Toledano M, Ferrari M. Surface treatments for improving bond strength to prefabricated fiber posts: a literature review. Oper Dent. 2008; 33:346–355.

17. Monticelli F, Toledano M, Tay FR, Sadek FT, Goracci C, Ferrari M. A simple etching technique for improving the retention of fiber posts to resin composites. J Endod. 2006; 32:44–47.

18. Vano M, Goracci C, Monticelli F, Tognini F, Gabriele M, Tay FR, Ferrari M. The adhesion between fibre posts and composite resin cores: the evaluation of microtensile bond strength following various surface chemical treatments to posts. Int Endod J. 2006; 39:31–39.

19. de Sousa Menezes M, Queiroz EC, Soares PV, Faria-e-Silva AL, Soares CJ, Martins LR. Fiber post etching with hydrogen peroxide: effect of concentration and application time. J Endod. 2011; 37:398–402.

20. Mosharraf R, Ranjbarian P. Effects of post surface conditioning before silanization on bond strength between fiber post and resin cement. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013; 5:126–132.

21. Cai H, Chen L, Xiong Y. Effects of surface treatment on the fracture resistance of teeth restored with fiber posts and core system. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012; 30:371–373.

22. Menezes MS, Faria-e-Silva AL, Silva FP, Reis GR, Soares CJ, Stape TH, Martins LR. Etching a fiber post surface with high-concentration bleaching agents. Oper Dent. 2014; 39:E16–E21.

23. Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, Inoue S, Vargas M, Vijay P, Van Landuyt K, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Buonocore memorial lecture. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges. Oper Dent. 2003; 28:215–235.

24. Ngoh EC, Pashley DH, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Kimbrough WF. Effects of eugenol on resin bond strengths to root canal dentin. J Endod. 2001; 27:411–414.

25. Bouillaguet S, Troesch S, Wataha JC, Krejci I, Meyer JM, Pashley DH. Microtensile bond strength between adhesive cements and root canal dentin. Dent Mater. 2003; 19:199–205.

26. Perdigão J, Geraldeli S, Lee IK. Push-out bond strengths of tooth-colored posts bonded with different adhesive systems. Am J Dent. 2004; 17:422–426.

27. Mallmann A, Jacques LB, Valandro LF, Mathias P, Muench A. Microtensile bond strength of light- and self-cured adhesive systems to intraradicular dentin using a translucent fiber post. Oper Dent. 2005; 30:500–506.

28. Ferrari M, Mannocci F, Vichi A, Cagidiaco MC, Mjör IA. Bonding to root canal: structural characteristics of the substrate. Am J Dent. 2000; 13:255–260.