Korean J Gastrointest Endosc.
2001 Dec;23(6):451-460.
Predictable Factors for Paradoxical Reactions in Conscious Sedation with Midazolam During ERCP
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. ghkim@cataegu.ac.kr
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
Abstract
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Paradoxical reaction after midazolam administration is relatively uncommon and can obstruct the performance of ERCP. But it can not be predicted before drug administration. We investigate the difference in occurrence of paradoxical reaction according to personal characteristics and clinical status of patients.
METHODS
During 155 ERCP procedures, we injected midazolam and meperidine intravenously for conscious sedation until deep sleep occurred. Among 155 patients, 108 patients did not showed paradoxical reaction (group I) and 47 patients (30.3%) showed gross behavioral disturbance and/or agitation (group II). Paradoxical agitation was seen in 9 (7.1%) procedures.
RESULTS
Type A-like personality (p=0.002), sleep-talking habit (p=0.026) and presence of pain at the beginning of ERCP (p=0.036) and during ERCP (p=0.021) were seen more frequently in group II. Duration of ERCP was longer (p=0.034) and dosage of midazolam was larger (p=0.009) in group II. In multivariate analysis, having sleep-talking (OR, 5.5), type A-like personality (OR 3.9) and dosage of midazolam (OR 1.3) were risk factors of paradoxical reaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Paradoxical agitation after midazolam administration was uncommon and can be managed with flumazenil. Paradoxical reaction can be predicted more often in patients with type A-like personality, sleep-talking habit, complaining pain before ERCP, and in patients injected large dosage of midazolam.
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