Relationship Between Findings on Brain MRI and Prognosis in Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

Park, Myung Ho; Kim, Byeong C; Choi, Seong Min; Kim, Dong Eun; Choi, Kang Ho; Kim, Joon Tae; Yoon, Woong; Nam, Tai Seung; Lee, Seung Han; Park, Man Seok; Kim, Myeong Kyu; Cho, Ki Hyun

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The outcome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is unpredictable and some patients have persistent and often incapacitating symptoms. This study was aimed to investigate whether abnormalities on initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict the outcome in patients with SIH.
METHODS
We retrospectively included 44 patients with SIH. Brain MRI was available for all patients. Treatment consisted of conservative treatment and/or high-volume epidural blood patching. Patients were divided into two groups: favorable or non-favorable group. Favorable group was defined as clinical improvement by conservative therapy or one trial of autologous epidural blood patching; non-favorable group as more than two week of admission, two or more trials of autologous epidural blood patching, or relapse of orthostatic headache.
RESULTS
Twenty-one (48%) of 44 patients were classified as the favorable group. The non-favorable group had several abnormal findings on brain MRI (16 cases vs. 5 cases in favorable group, p<0.003), including platybasia (1), skull base tumor (1), Chiari I malformation (1), diffuse mild thickening and enhancement of dural and epidural layer of thoracic spine (1), pituitary enlargement (3), sagging brain (3) and subdural hemorrhage (4). In the non-favorable group, 13 out of 23 patients (57%) showed pachymeningeal enhancement in brain MRI (2 patients in favorable group, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Brain MRI abnormalities were more frequently related with non-favorable outcomes in SIH. Pachymeningeal enhancement in particular could suggest an unfortunate prognosis.