Change of taste preference and taste bud after unilateral lingual nerve transection in rat

Kim, Yoon Tae; Jeon, Seung Ho; Yeom, Hak Ryol; Kang, Jin Han; Ahn, Kang Min; Kim, Sung Min; Jahng, Jeong won; Park, Kyung Pyo; Lee, Jong Ho

Abstract

PURPOSE OF STUDY: Lingual nerve damage can be caused by surgery or trauma such as physical irriatation, radiation, chemotherapy, infection and viral infection. Once nerve damage occurred, patients sometimes complain taste change and loss of taste along with serious disturbance of tongue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of unilateral lingual nerve transection on taste as well as on the maintenance of taste buds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-250g received unilateral transection of lingual nerve, subjected to the preference test for various taste solutions (0.1M NaCl, 0.1M sucrose, 0.01M QHCl, or 0.01M HCl) with two bottle test paradigm at 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks after the operation. Tongue was fixed with 8% paraformaldehyde. After fixation, they were observed with scanning electron microscope(JSM-840A(R), JEOL, JAPAN) and counted the number of the dorsal surface of the fungiform papilla for changes of fungiform papilla. And, Fungiform papilla were obtained from coronal sections of the anterior tongue(cryosection). After cryosection, immunostaining with Galpha gust(I-20)(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), PLCbeta2(Q-15)(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), and T1R1(Alpha Diagnostic International, USA) were done. Immunofluorescence of labeled taste bud cells was examined by confocal microscopy(F92-300., Olympus, JAPAN).
RESULTS
The preference score for salty and sweet tended to be higher in the operated rats with statistical significance, compared to the sham rats. Fungiform papilla counting were decreased after lingual nerve transaction. In 2 weeks, maximum differences occurred. Gustducin and T1R1 expressions of taste receptor in 2 and 4 weeks were decreased. PLCbeta2 were not expressed in both experimental and control group.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that the taste recognition for sweet and salty taste changed by week 2 and 4 after unilateral lingual nerve transection. However, regeneration related taste was occurred in the presence of preserving mesoneurial tissue and the time was 6 weeks. Our results demonstrated that unilateral lingual nerve damage caused morphological and numerical change of fungiform papilla. It should be noted in our study that lingual nerve transection resulted in not only morphological and numerical change but also functional change of fungiform papillae.