J Korean Med Assoc.  2010 Jun;53(6):454-466. 10.5124/jkma.2010.53.6.454.

Infectious Diseases among Healthcare Workers

• Ahn YS

• KMID: 1463312
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.6.454

Abstract

The healthcare industry employs over one million workers in Korea and encompasses a usually broad spectrum of occupations and related exposures. There are so many biological exposures in healthcare settings, including blood-borne pathogens, HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, air-borne pathogens such as tuberculosis, and a wide variety of respiratory viruses. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the global burden of disease (GBD) from occupational exposure to be 40% of Hepatitis B and C infections and 2.5% of the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among Healthcare workers (HCWs). Some countries have used surveillance systems to monitor national trends and incidence rates of occupational infections among HCWs; identify newly emerging hazards for HCWs; assess the risk of occupational exposures and infections; and evaluate preventive measures including engineering controls, work practices, protective equipment, and post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent occupational infections. Infection control programs such as engineering control in medical facilities, immunization, post exposure prophylaxis, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) have been widely introduced to reduce occupational infectious disease among HCWs. Thus some developed countries which have actively introduced infection control program have decreased incidences of occupational infectious diseases among HCWs. This study describes the epidemiologic characteristics of occupational infectious diseases among HCWs, the kinds of surveillance system to monitor infectious diseases among HCWs, and infection control measures that apply to healthcare settings.

Keyword

Healthcare workers; Infectious diseases; Needle stick injury; Surveillance system; Hepatitis

MeSH Terms

Blood-Borne Pathogens
Communicable Diseases
Delivery of Health Care
Developed Countries
Health Care Sector
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
Humans
Immunization
Incidence
Infection Control
Korea
Occupational Exposure
Occupations
Organothiophosphorus Compounds
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Tuberculosis
World Health Organization
Organothiophosphorus Compounds

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