Korean J Lab Med.  2010 Feb;30(1):76-83. 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.1.76.

Estrogen receptor 1, Glutathione S-transferase P1, Glutathione S-transferase M1, and Glutathione S-transferase T1 Genes with Dysmenorrhea in Korean Female Adolescents

• Woo HY
• Kim KH
• Lim SW

• KMID: 1096823
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.1.76

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent females. We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms and dysmenorrhea.
METHODS
A total of 202 postmenarcheal Korean female adolescents 16-17 yr old participated in this study. Genotyping for glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) was performed using PCR-based methods.
RESULTS
The PP+Pp genotype of the ESR1 gene was more frequent than pp genotypes in subjects with dysmenorrhea than in subjects without dysmenorrhea (odds ratio=2.440; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-5.753; P=0.040) using an unadjusted univariate logistic regression analysis. The relationship between dysmenorrhea and ESR1 gene polymorphisms remained significant after adjustment for premenstrual syndrome, years elapsed after menarche, and family history of dysmenorrhea. No significant difference was observed between subjects with dysmenorrhea and subjects without dysmenorrhea for polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that ESR1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with dysmenorrhea.

Keyword

Adolescent; Dysmenorrhea; Estrogen receptor 1; Glutathione S-transferase; Polymorphism

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
Dysmenorrhea/*genetics
Estrogen Receptor alpha/*genetics
Female
Genotype
Glutathione S-Transferase pi/*genetics
Glutathione Transferase/*genetics
Humans
Logistic Models
Odds Ratio
Polymorphism, Genetic
Republic of Korea

Reference

1.Andersch B., Milsom I. An epidemiologic study of young women with dysmenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982. 144:655.

2.Dawood MY. Primary dysmenorrhea: advances in pathogenesis and management. Obstet Gynecol. 2006. 108:428–41.

3.Harel Z. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2008. 1135:185–95.

4.Harlow SD., Park M. A longitudinal study of risk factors for the occurrence, duration and severity of menstrual cramps in a cohort of college women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996. 103:1134–42.

5.Parazzini F., Tozzi L., Mezzopane R., Luchini L., Marchini M., Fedele L. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of primary dysmenorrhea. Epidemiology. 1994. 5:469–72.

6.Hirvonen A. Genetic factors in individual responses to environmental exposures. J Occup Environ Med. 1995. 37:37–43.

7.Lei L., Ye L., Liu H., Chen C., Fang Z., Wang L, et al. Passive smoking, cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms and dysmenorrhea. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008. 23:475–81.

8.Wu D., Chen D., Liu X., Ni J., Jin Y., Xu X. Analysis on associations of cytochrome P450 1A1-Hinc II and glutathion S-transferase-theta with primary dysmenorrhea. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2001. 18:47–50.

9.Baxter SW., Thomas EJ., Campbell IG. GSTM1 null polymorphism and susceptibility to endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2001. 22:63–5.

10.Hur SE., Lee JY., Moon HS., Chung HW. Polymorphisms of the genes encoding the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in Korean women: no association with endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod. 2005. 11:15–9.

11.Pelletier G., El-Alfy M. Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the human reproductive organs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000. 85:4835–40.

12.Kitawaki J., Obayashi H., Ishihara H., Koshiba H., Kusuki I., Kado N, et al. Oestrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphism is associated with endometriosis, adenomyosis and leiomyomata. Hum Reprod. 2001. 16:51–5.

13.Renner SP., Strick R., Oppelt P., Fasching PA., Engel S., Baumann R, et al. Evaluation of clinical parameters and estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms for patients with endometriosis. Reproduction. 2006. 131:153–61.

14.Hu YF., Luscher B., Admon A., Mermod N., Tjian R. Transcription factor AP-4 contains multiple dimerization domains that regulate dimer specificity. Genes Dev. 1990. 4:1741–52.

15.Kim E., Hwang JY., Woo EK., Kim SS., Jo SA., Jo I. Body mass index cutoffs for underweight, overweight, and obesity in South Korean schoolgirls. Obes Res. 2005. 13:1510–4.

16.Yaich L., Dupont WD., Cavener DR., Parl FF. Analysis of the PvuII restriction fragment-length polymorphism and exon structure of the estrogen receptor gene in breast cancer and peripheral blood. Cancer Res. 1992. 52:77–83.

17.Lin DX., Tang YM., Peng Q., Lu SX., Ambrosone CB., Kadlubar FF. Susceptibility to esophageal cancer and genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases T1, P1, and M1 and cytochrome P450 2E1. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998. 7:1013–8.

18.Harris R., Stubbins M., Forman D., Howard GC., Wolf CR. Identification of genetic polymorphisms at the glutathione-S-transferase Pi locus and association with susceptibility to bladder, testicular and prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1997. 18:641–4.

19.Kim SH., Choi YM., Jun JK., Kim SH., Kim JG., Moon SY. Estrogen receptor dinucleotide repeat polymorphism is associated with minimal or mild endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2005. 84:774–7.

20.Cho SH., Kim KD., Kim SR., Cho SH., Hwang YY. Adolescent menstrual disorders: Comparison between 1998 and 1998. Korean J Obstet Gynecol. 1999. 42:2043–7.

21.Kim HO., Lim SW., Woo HY., Kim KH. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in Korean adolescent girls. Korean J Obstet Gynecol. 2008. 51:1322–9.

22.Jung HM., Kim YS. Factors affecting dysmenorrhea among adolescents. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2004. 10:196–204.

23.Wu D., Wang X., Chen D., Niu T., Ni J., Liu X, et al. Metabolic gene polymorphisms and risk of dysmenorrhea. Epidemiology. 2000. 11:648–53.

24.Pierzynski P., Swiatecka J., Oczeretko E., Laudanski P., Batra S., Laudanski T. Effect of short-term, low-dose treatment with tamoxifen in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2006. 22:698–703.

25.Kurabayashi T., Tomita M., Matsushita H., Yahata T., Honda A., Takakuwa K, et al. Association of vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphism with the effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in Japanese women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999. 180:1115–20.

26.Willing M., Sowers M., Aron D., Clark MK., Burns T., Bunten C, et al. Bone mineral density and its change in white women: estrogen and vitamin D receptor genotypes and their interaction. J Bone Miner Res. 1998. 13:695–705.

27.Weel AE., Uitterlinden AG., Westendorp IC., Burger H., Schuit SC., Hofman A, et al. Estrogen receptor polymorphism predicts the onset of natural and surgical menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999. 84:3146–50.

28.Georgiou I., Syrrou M., Bouba I., Dalkalitsis N., Paschopoulos M., Navrozoglou I, et al. Association of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms with endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1999. 72:164–6.

29.Kitawaki J., Noguchi T., Amatsu T., Maeda K., Tsukamoto K., Yamamoto T, et al. Expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid in human endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues but not in normal endometrium. Biol Reprod. 1997. 57:514–9.

30.Wang Z., Yoshida S., Negoro K., Kennedy S., Barlow D., Maruo T. Polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta gene but not estrogen receptor alpha gene affect the risk of developing endometriosis in a Japanese population. Fertil Steril. 2004. 81:1650–6.

31.Lin J., Zhang X., Qian Y., Ye Y., Shi Y., Xu K, et al. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genotypes and endometriosis risk: a case-controlled study. Chin Med J. 2003. 116:777–80.

32.Kihara M., Kihara M., Noda K. Lung cancer risk of the GSTM1 null genotype is enhanced in the presence of the GSTP1 mutated genotype in male Japanese smokers. Cancer Lett. 1999. 137:53–60.

33.Shin SY., Lee YY., Yang SY., Yoon BK., Bae D., Choi D. Characteristics of menstruation-related problems for adolescents and premarital women in Korea. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005. 121:236–42.

34.Dawood MY. Dysmenorrhea. J Reprod Med. 1985. 30:154–67.