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Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with a positive transfusion-related antibody screening test

Choi J, Kim C, Lee SH, Sohn JH

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Principle of intravenous fluid therapy in the neurocritically ill patients

Ko SB

Intravenous fluid therapy is a fundamental treatment in intensive care units (ICUs). Although most clinical trials have focused on patients requiring active resuscitation of the intravascular volume, such as those...
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A case series of atraumatic nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhages triggered during exertion at altitude

Smith AT

Background: Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (NAPH) is a form of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occurring predominantly in the perimesencephalic region, in the absence of an aneurysm or other source of bleeding...
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Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a patient treated with chemotherapy: a case report and literature review

Flores MR, Montion MG, Usman AN, Ngene MA, Ruxmohan S

Background: Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) is caused by Acanthamoeba species or Balamuthia mandrillaris, which are microscopic, free-living amoebas found worldwide. People with compromised immune systems are at an increased risk...
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Diabetic ketoacidosis induced by SGLT2 inhibitors in acute ischemic stroke: a report of two cases

Jeong JH

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common hyperglycemic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. DKA is a rare but serious complication of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors that requires...
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Enhancing breathing through inspiratory muscle training in patients with myasthenia gravis on mechanical ventilation: a case report

Mulyati T, Fauzi DH, Ganefianty A

Background: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which affects the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle weakness and respiratory complications. Recurrent myasthenic crises may necessitate mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure. Case...
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A ruptured aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and vasospasm initially manifesting as acute ischemic stroke: a case report

Park J, Jeon W, Choi J, Kim C

Background: Most aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) are accompanied by focal neurological deficits caused by a thunderclap headache. The neurological symptoms of aneurysmal SAH rarely present as vasospasm-induced cerebral ischemia. Case Report:...
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Unreactive alpha or alpha-theta coma electroencephalogram patterns with favorable neurologic outcomes: a report of three cases and literature review

Amoranto MJS, Fernandez MLL

Background: Alpha coma and its variants theta coma and alpha-theta coma (ATC) are clinical coma states characterized by electroencephalographic patterns resembling those of wakefulness. The complete (unreactive) form of these...
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A fatal case of malignant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the setting of status epilepticus: a case report

Unavane O, Raut TP, Parajiya L, Sadarangani AR

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by reversible neurotoxicity. The symptoms include headache, altered consciousness, seizures, visual disturbances, and focal neurological deficits. The severe variant, known as malignant...
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Discrepancies in computed tomography (CT) perfusion and CT angiography imaging following stroke in a patient post-heart transplant on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report

Mensah EO, Losso M, Muram S, Kumar S, Ogilvy CS

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a critical life-support intervention for severe cardiopulmonary failure. Venoarterial (VA)-ECMO presents unique challenges in neuroradiological assessment due to hemodynamic alterations and the presence of...
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Severe cerebral vasospasm following non-K1 Escherichia coli meningitis: a case report

Stewart C, Hong T, Shobayo AA, Chang JE, Subramaniam T

Background: Cerebral vasospasm has been reported following various forms of bacterial meningitis; however, there have been no prior reports of meningitis caused by the non-K1 strain of Escherichia coli. Case...
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Direct co-culture with human neural stem cells suppresses hemolysate-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway

Kim TJ, Sun J, Kang L, Kim YJ, Ko SB, Yoon BW

Background: Inflammation following stroke is associated with poor outcomes, and the anti-inflammatory effects of neural stem cells (NSCs) have been reported. However, the direct immunomodulatory effects of NSCs in hemorrhagic...
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