Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Koreans

Shin, Sung Jae; Ahn, Sang Hoon; Kim, Hee Man; Kim, Ja Kyung; Kim, Byung Chang; Lee, Jae Hyun; Paik, Yong Han; Lee, Kwan Sik; Han, Kwang Hyub; Chon, Chae Yoon; Moon, Young Myoung

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There have been scant reports on the prognostic factors of fulminant hepatic failure for selecting the patients who need liver transplantation. We investigated the clinical features and prognostic factors throughout the clinical course of the disease in Korean patients with fulminant hepatic failure. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2003, a total of 60 patients with fulminant hepatic failure were divided into the survival group and the non-survival group, and these groups were compared according to gender, age, etiology, values of the laboratory tests, grade of the encephalopathy that was obtained at the time of admission and the worst clinical status (hepatic encephalopathy). RESULTS: The mean age of the total patients was 40.9 years (M:F=31:29) and the survival rate was 28.3% (n=17). Drugs (n=25, 12 herbal medicines) and viral infection (n=24, 18 HBV infection) were most common causes. On univariate analysis, the WBC, AST, ALT, total bilirubin and HE IV stage at the time of admission were the significant factors for a poor prognosis. Total bilirubin, albumin and HE IV stage also remained as significant factors at the time of the worst clinical status. On multivariate analysis, total bilirubin (P=0.033) and ALT (P=0.042) at admission were the prognostic factors, and the progression to HE IV stage (P=0.019) or hypoalbuminemia (P=0.028) during hospitalization represented the significant factors for a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to Western countries, HBV infection and herbal medicines were major causes of fulminant hepatic failure in Korea. The total serum bilirubin level and progressive hyperbilirubinemia with HE (stage IV) during hospitalization seemed to be the most important prognostic factors, and liver transplantation should be considered before the patient reaches this status.