Ann Geriatr Med Res.
2025 Mar;29(1):66-74. 10.4235/agmr.24.0117.
Linear Association between Frailty as Assessed by the Kihon Checklist and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
- Shimokihara S
1,2,3 - Yokoyama K1
- Ihira H4
- Matsuzaki-Kihara Y5
- Mizumoto A6
- Tashiro H4
- Saito H1
- Makino K7
- Shimada K8
- Yama K9
- Miyajima R10
- Sasaki T4
- Ikeda N1
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- 2Research Fellowships for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- 4Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- 5Department of Rehabilitation, Japan Health Care University, Sapporo, Japan
- 6Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Healthcare and Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Japan
- 7Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- 8Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- 9N Field Home-Visit Nursing Station Dune Sapporo, Sapporo, Japan
- 10Ebetsu City Hospital, Ebetsu, Japan
- KMID: 2566108
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.24.0117
Abstract
- Background
The need for support focused on frailty and quality of life (QoL) in older adults is increasing. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) is a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool to assess frailty in older adults. Previous studies have shown associations between frailty and QoL; however, few studies have investigated the association between frailty using the KCL and QoL. In this study, the quantitative relationship between the KCL and QoL in community-dwelling older adults was investigated.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included from participants in the 2017–2019 baseline survey of a cohort study of community-dwelling older adults in Sapporo, Japan. The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) was used to assess QoL. The KCL was used to assess frailty, and the relationship between frailty and QoL was examined using binomial logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline models.
Results
Four-hundred participants were included in the analysis. Of the participants, 22.5% had a lower QoL and they were more likely to have frailty than healthy participants (p<0.001). The KCL scores were significantly associated with a lower QoL (p<0.001). Furthermore, the association between the KCL score and QoL was linear, and subscales of activities of daily living, and depressive mood were significantly associated with a lower QoL.
Conclusion
The KCL, a comprehensive frailty questionnaire, was associated with a lower QoL in older adults. To maintain QoL in community-dwelling older adults, it is necessary to provide them with appropriate support from the stage before they are identified as frail by the KCL.
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