Ann Geriatr Med Res.  2023 Jun;27(2):106-115. 10.4235/agmr.23.0019.

Domains of the Kihon Checklist Associated with Prefrailty among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

• Kamasaki T
• Otao H
• Hachiya M
• Kubo A
• Okawa H
• Fujiwara K
• Sakamoto A
• Shimokihara S
• Maruta M
• Han G
• Tabira T

• KMID: 2543433
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.23.0019

Abstract

Background
Various functions are involved in prefrailty. However, no studies have examined more relevant functions. Therefore, this study examined the domains of the Kihon Checklist (KCL) associated with prefrailty by comparing them to robustness measures, using the KCL to comprehensively assess life-related functions in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
The 194 (mean age, 75±6 years) participants were community-dwelling older adults. Their robustness and preferences were assessed using the Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Comprehensive life-related functions were assessed using the KCL, and each physical function was measured.
Results
The main KCL characteristics associated with robustness and prefrailty were physical function (odds ratio [OR]=1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–2.88), nutritional status (OR=8.16; 95% CI, 2.96–22.48), and depressed mood (OR=3.46; 95% CI, 1.76–6.79). In particular, older adults had difficulty moving, including climbing stairs and getting up from a chair, which suggested a strong fear of falling. The participants also reported psychological characteristics such as low life fulfillment, a low sense of self-usefulness, and a strong sense of boredom.
Conclusions
Prefrail individuals were characterized by poor physical function and nutritional status, as well as depressive mood. Prefrailty may be prevented or improved by approaches to improve physical function and fear of falling in addition to psychological interventions that encourage activity and a sense of self-usefulness.

Keyword

Older adults; Depressive mood; Kihon Checklist; Physical function; Frailty