Anat Cell Biol.  2025 Mar;58(1):35-43. 10.5115/acb.24.215.

Anatomical variations and surgical implications of axillary artery branches: an anatomical study of the coracoid process region

• Nonthasaen P
• Chaimongkhol T
• Chobpenthai T
• Mahakkanukrauh P

• KMID: 2565954
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.24.215

Abstract

The complex of neurovascular structures surrounding the coracoid process, particularly the axillary artery, the thoracoacromial artery and theirs branches, plays a critical role in shoulder function. Detailed dissection was performed in 36 shoulders from 18 embalmed cadavers. The focus was on axillary artery branches in relation to the coracoid process and the documentation of anatomical variations in this area. Significant findings include the categorization of thoracoacromial artery variations and the identification of acromial and clavicular branches as variable. A key measurement was mean distance between the thoracoacromial artery and tip of the coracoid process (31.89 mm). These findings offer valuable insight into the spatial relationships of these structures. The study provides important information on the vascular anatomy surrounding the coracoid process. Recognizing these anatomical variations is essential for planning safer and more effective shoulder surgeries, such as coracoclavicular stabilization and subcoracoid decompression. Detailed anatomical data are key for surgeons to prevent unintended injuries and enhance surgical success.

Keyword

Coracoid process; Anatomic variation; Axillary artery; Arteries; Shoulder