Psychiatry Investig.
2025 Mar;22(3):279-286. 10.30773/pi.2023.0147.
Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Analysis Revealed an Unidirectional Causal Relationship Between Left Caudal Middle Frontal Surface Area and Cigarette Consumption
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Psychiatry, Fundamental and Clinical Research on Mental Disorders Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- 2Department of Psychiatry, First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang, China
- 3Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- 4Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
- 5Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, China
- KMID: 2565733
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2023.0147
Abstract
Objective
Previous studies have discovered a correlation between cigarette smoking and cortical thickness and surface area, but the causal relationship remains unclear. The objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the causal association between them.
Methods
To derive summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cortical thickness, surface area, and four smoking behaviors: 1) age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk); 2) smoking initiation (SmkInit); 3) smoking cessation (SmkCes); 4) cigarettes per day (CigDay). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was employed to examine genetic association analysis. Furthermore, for traits with significant genetic associations, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted.
Results
The LDSC analysis revealed nominal genetic correlations between AgeSmk and right precentral surface area, left caudal anterior cingulate surface area, left cuneus surface area, left inferior parietal surface area, and right caudal anterior cingulate thickness, as well as between CigDay and left caudal middle frontal surface area, between SmkCes and left entorhinal thickness, and between SmkInit and left rostral anterior cingulate surface area, right rostral anterior cingulate thickness, and right superior frontal thickness (rg=-0.36–0.29, p<0.05). MR analysis showed a unidirectional causal association between left caudal middle frontal surface area and CigDay (βIVW=0.056, pBonferroni=2×10-4).
Conclusion
Left caudal middle frontal surface area has the potential to serve as a significant predictor of smoking behavior.
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