J Nutr Health.  2024 Dec;57(6):641-652. 10.4163/jnh.2024.57.6.641.

Association of seafood consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease according to insomnia status: a community-based prospective cohort study

• Kim M
• Jeong Y
• Jeong Y
• Jang W
• Kim S
• Kim Y

• KMID: 2564171
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2024.57.6.641

Abstract

Purpose
Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about whether sleep quality, which has been recognized as a risk factor for CVD, might influence these associations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and CVD in Korean adults with or without insomnia.
Methods
The data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and included 3,168 participants aged 40–69 years. Dietary intake was measured by a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and insomnia was assessed using a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms. The CVD events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Associations of seafood consumption with CVD were assessed using timedependent Cox regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Results
During the 8-year follow-up period, the incidence of CVD was 5.1%. There was a positive association between seafood consumption and most food groups, as well as nutrients. In contrast, as seafood consumption increased, the consumption of grains decreased. Regarding nutrient intake, there was a negative association between seafood consumption and carbohydrate intake. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of CVD was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 56% lower risk (HR_{T3 vs. T1} , 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.75; p = 0.002), only in the non-insomnia group.
Conclusion
Findings from this study suggest that seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against CVD if accompanied by good sleep quality.

Keyword

seafood; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; cardiovascular diseases; insomnia; longitudinal studies