Korean J Ophthalmol.  2025 Feb;39(1):23-30. 10.3341/kjo.2024.0033.

Primary Sites and Clinicopathological Features of Corneal Melanoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Population-based Study of 29 Cases

• Suh AW
• Ravi S
• Tran K
• Huang M(
• Lian I
• Tsang P
• Ledet E
• Li J
• Nguyen A
• Dang P
• Dang NDD

• KMID: 2564128
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2024.0033

Abstract

Purpose
Corneal melanoma (CM) is a rare malignancy that develops from melanocytes within the cornea, constituting a minority of all ocular tumors. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics correlated with the prognosis of CM patients.
Methods
We collected patients with CM between 1983 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for univariate analysis to value hazard ratio of malignant CM versus spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma subgroups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were also performed to identify additional prognostic markers and confirm the findings of the Cox hazard ratio.
Results
A total of 29 eligible patients were collected in our study. Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, marital status, income, residential area, and treatment showed no significant prognostic factors for CM patients (p > 0.05). However, when concerned with the primary site of malignant melanoma, spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were found to show significantly poorer prognosis in CM patients (both p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Age at diagnosis, laterality, primary site, tumor size, the extent of disease, and treatment were not significant prognostic indicators for CM patients. Spindle cell melanoma and nodular melanoma were notable for showing worse survival outcomes than malignant melanoma. Although the sample size in the SEER database was limited, our findings may provide motivation for tailoring individualized treatments for patients with CM with different primary sites.

Keyword

Corneal neovascularization; Epidemiology; SEER Program; Uveal melanoma