Obstet Gynecol Sci.  2025 Jan;68(1):59-68. 10.5468/ogs.24264.

Trends, statistics, and policy recommendations on maternal, fetal, and infant mortality before and after COVID-19: a review of the past decade (2012-2022) based on national health information data

• Lee KJ
• Lee S

• KMID: 2563938
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.24264

Abstract

Objective
To examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on maternal, fetal, and infant mortality in South Korea using national statistics, in order to inform policy development and enhance maternal and child health outcomes with the provided data.
Methods
Pregnancy-related mortality in women, as well as deaths of infants, in South Korea was identified using cause-of-death statistics from Statistics Korea. Records from death certificates, cremation reports on infant and fetal deaths, and the complementary cause-of-death investigation system were reviewed for the 2012-2022 period. The classification criteria for cause of death followed the recommendations of World Health Organization and the Korean standard classification of diseases and causes of death.
Results
The maternal mortality rate decreased from 11.3 per 100,000 live births in 2018 to 9.9 in 2019, rose to 11.8 in 2020, and fell to 8.8 in 2021. The actual number of maternal deaths declined from 37 in 2018 to 23 in 2021 due to fewer births. The fetal death rate increased from 11.3 per 1,000 live births in 2018 to 11.6 in 2019, continuing to rise to 12.0 in 2021. The number of fetal deaths dropped from 3,743 in 2018 to 3,152 in 2021.
Conclusion
Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Korea experienced a sharp decline in births as well as in maternal, infant, and fetal deaths. However, maternal, infant, and fetal mortality rates remained at similar levels.

Keyword

Maternal mortality; Neonatal mortality; Infant mortality; COVID-19 pandemic; National health information data

Figure

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  Fig. 1. The number of maternal deaths and the maternal mortality ratios for 2012-2022.

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  Fig. 2. Maternal mortality ratio by age group for 2019-2022.

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  Fig. 3. The number of fetal deaths and fetal mortality rates for 2012-2022. *Calculated based on vfetal deaths at 16 weeks or more of pregnancy.

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  Fig. 4. The number of infant deaths and infant mortality rates for 2012-2022.

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  Fig. 5. The average age of mothers at parturition 2012-2022.

Reference

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