Ultrasonography.
2025 Jan;44(1):31-41. 10.14366/usg.24168.
The role of Doppler ultrasonography in the detection and management of nutcracker syndrome
- Kim SH
1,2,3,4,5,
- Affiliations
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- 1Professor Emeritus, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 2Director Emeritus, SNU Healthy Prostate Urology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- 3Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 4Seoul K-Nephrology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- 5K-Radiology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- 6Research Institute of Nutcracker Syndrome, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2563157
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.14366/usg.24168
Abstract
- Nutcracker syndrome is caused by the compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The use of Doppler ultrasonography to diagnose this condition is challenging due to the dynamic nature of the nutcracker phenomenon and the variability of its symptoms, which can fluctuate with changes in patient posture and respiration. This review emphasizes the critical role of Doppler ultrasonography in identifying and managing nutcracker syndrome. It also explores the various subtypes of the nutcracker phenomenon and discusses how Doppler ultrasonography can improve patient outcomes by enabling management strategies that are informed by dynamic assessments of left renal vein compression.
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