Nutr Res Pract.  2024 Aug;18(4):498-510. 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.4.498.

Opuntia humifusa stems rich in quercetin and isorhamnetin alleviate insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed rats

• Lee YM
• Choi Y
• Kim E
• Hwang IG
• Kim Y

• KMID: 2558488
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2024.18.4.498

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Obesity, characterized by abnormal fat accumulation and metabolic disturbances, presents a significant health challenge. Opuntia humifusa Raf., commonly known as Korean Cheonnyuncho, is rich in various beneficial compounds and has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its potential impact on glucose and lipid metabolism, particularly in obese rats, remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether O. humifusa stems and fruits could beneficially alter glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in a rat model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity.
MATERIALS/METHODS
Thirty-two rats were allocated into 4 groups: normal diet (NF), HFD control (HF), HFD treated with 2% O. humifusa stems (HF-OS), and HFD treated with 2% O. humifusa fruits (HF-OF). Experimental diets were administered for 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment, liver and fat tissues were isolated, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. The major flavonoid from O. humifusa stems and fruits was identified and quantified.
RESULTS
After 6 weeks of treatment, the serum fasting glucose concentration in the HF-OS group was significantly lower than that in the HF group. Serum fasting insulin concentrations in both HF-OS and HF-OF groups tended to be lower than those in the HF group, indicating a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in the HF-OS group. Additionally, the HF-OS group exhibited a tendency towards the restoration of adiponectin levels to that of the NF group.
CONCLUSION
The 2% O. humifusa stems contain abundant quercetin and isorhamnetin, which alter fasting blood glucose levels in rats fed a HFD, leading to a favorable improvement in insulin resistance.

Keyword

Opuntia; glucose; insulin; insulin resistance; high-fat diet

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (350 nm) chromatograms of flavonoids in O. humifusa stems (A) and fruits (B). 1: Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside-4'-O-glucoside; 2: Isorhamnetin 3,4'-di-O-glucoside; 3: Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside-4'-O-glucoside; 4: Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside; 5: Quercetin 3-O-galactoside; 6: Quercetin 3-O-glucoside; 7: Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside; 8: Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside; 9: Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside; 10: Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside; 11: Quercetin; 12: Isorhamnetin.ISTD, internal standard.

• 

  Fig. 2 Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression levels in hepatic tissues associated with glycogen metabolism. O. humifusa fruits treatment increased HMGR expression compared with a HF group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of 5 rats per group.NF, normal fat diet; HF, high-fat diet; HF-OS, high-fat diet with 2% O. humifusa stems; HF-OF, high-fat diet with 2% O. humifusa fruits; ACAT2, acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2; AdipoR2, adiponectin receptor protein 2; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PPAR-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; SREBP-2, sterol regulatory element binding protein 2.Values with different alphabet within the same row are significantly different at P < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.

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