J Dent Hyg Sci.  2024 Jun;24(2):97-106. 10.17135/jdhs.2024.24.2.97.

Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Pathogens in Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis: A Randomized Trial

• Jo ED

• KMID: 2557551
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2024.24.2.97

Abstract

Background
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that cause tissue damage and alveolar bone destruction resulting in the loss of teeth and implants. Due to the biological differences in the tissues surrounding the implants, peri-implantitis progresses more rapidly and intensely than periodontitis, underscoring the importance of understanding the characteristics and interactions of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the pathogenic microorganisms associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in Korean patients and evaluate the correlation between these bacteria.
Methods
A total of 98 (52 males and 46 females) were randomly selected and classified into three groups (healthy group [HG]=25; periodontitis group [PG]=31; and peri-implantitis group [PIG]=42). The relative expression levels of 11 pathogenic microorganisms collected from the gingival sulcus fluid were determined using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella nigrescens were highly prevalent in the HG, PG, and PIG patients. The results of the relative quantitative analysis of microorganisms showed that all bacteria belonging to the green, orange, and red complexes were significantly more abundant in the PG and PIG than in the HG (p＜0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis in the red complex showed a positive correlation with all microorganisms in the orange complex (p＜0.05). Campylobacter rectus in the orange complex showed a significant positive correlation with all microorganisms in the red complex, and with F. nucleatum, P. nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, and Eubacterium nodatum (p＜0.05).
Conclusion
P. gingivalis, C. rectus, and F. nucleatum exhibit strong interactions. Removing these bacteria can block complex formation and enhance the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Keyword

Pathogenic microorganisms; Peri-implantitis; Periodontitis; Real-time polymerase chain reaction