J Korean Med Sci.  2024 Jun;39(24):e209. 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e209.

Glycemic Control and Oral Health Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes: Insights From a Nationwide Korean Survey

• Yu SY
• Lee SK
• Yang B
• Lee H
• Jeon HJ
• Lee DH

• KMID: 2556689
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e209

Abstract

Background
Diabetes is recognized as a risk factor for various inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. There exists a bidirectional relationship between glycemic control and oral health in individuals with diabetes. This study aimed to analyze the link between glycemic control and oral health status among Korean patients with diabetes.
Methods
Using data from a population-based nationwide survey conducted between 2007 and 2019, we identified 70,554 adults with diabetes-related information. The study population included 9,090 individuals diagnosed with diabetes and 61,164 healthy controls. The association between glycemic control, defined by mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, and various oral health measures, such as tooth brushing frequency, periodontitis, denture wearing, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, number of remaining teeth, and past-year dental clinic visits, was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
Compared to the control group, patients with diabetes exhibited a higher prevalence of periodontitis (88.6% vs. 73.3%), complete dentures (5.0% vs. 1.5%), and elevated DMFT index (33.2% vs. 26.7%) (all P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed significant associations between diabetes and several oral health factors: denture status (No denture: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.784; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.627–0.979), and having fewer permanent teeth (0–19) (aOR, 1.474; 95% CI, 1.085–2.003). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between higher HbA1c levels and the risk of having fewer remaining teeth (0–19) (HbA1c < 6.5%: aOR, 1.129; 95% CI, 0.766–1.663; 6.5% ≤ HbA1c < 8.0%: aOR, 1.590; 95% CI, 1.117– 2.262; HbA1c ≥ 8%: aOR, 1.910; 95% CI, 1.145–3.186) (P for trends = 0.041).
Conclusion
We found a positive association between diabetes and poor oral health, as well as a noteworthy relationship between reduced permanent teeth (≤ 19) and glycemic control. These insights emphasize the critical role of oral health management in diabetic care and underscore the importance of maintaining effective glycemic control strategies for overall health and well-being in patients with diabetes.

Keyword

Glycemic Control; Oral Health; Diabetes Mellitus

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Flowchart of participant selection.KNHANES = Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, DM = diabetes mellitus, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin.

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  Fig. 2 Distribution of dental status in patients with diabetes according to glycemic control. (A) Frequency of tooth brushing, (B) periodontitis, (C) denture status, (D) DMFT index, (E) number of permanent teeth, and (F) dental visits in the last year.HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, DMFT = Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth.

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