Saf Health Work.
2024 Mar;15(1):59-65. 10.1016/j.shaw.2024.01.001.
Formulations of Job Strain and Psychological Distress: A Four-year Longitudinal Study in Japan
- Saiki M
1 - Matthews TA2,3
- Kawakami N4
- Robbins W1,2
- Li J1,2,5
- Affiliations
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- 1School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
- 2Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
- 3Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, College of Health & Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, United States
- 4Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- 5Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- KMID: 2554301
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2024.01.001
Abstract
- Background
Different job strain formulations based on the Job Demand-Control model have been developed. This study evaluated longitudinal associations between job strain and psychological distress and whether associations were influenced by six formulations of job strain, including quadrant (original and simplified), subtraction, quotient, logarithm quotient, and quartile based on quotient, in randomly selected Japanese workers.
Methods
Data were from waves I and II of the Survey of Midlife in Japan (MIDJA), with a 4-year follow-up period. The study sample consisted of 412 participants working at baseline and had complete data on variables of interest. Associations between job strain at baseline and psychological distress at follow-up were assessed via multivariable linear regression, and results were expressed as β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals including R2 and Akaike information criterion (AIC) evaluation.
Results
Crude models revealed that job strain formulations explained 6.93–10.30% of variance. The AIC ranged from 1475.87 to 1489.12. After accounting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors and psychological distress at baseline, fully-adjusted models indicated significant associations between all job strain formulations at baseline and psychological distress at follow-up: original quadrant (β: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.12, 2.21), simplified quadrant (β: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.85), subtraction (β: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.70), quotient (β: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.67), logarithm quotient (β: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.72), and quartile based on quotient (β: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.36, 2.08).
Conclusion
Six job strain formulations showed robust predictive power regarding psychological distress over 4 years among Japanese workers.
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