J Prev Med Public Health.
2024 Mar;57(2):185-196. 10.3961/jpmph.23.514.
Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 3Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 4ntegrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- 5Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 6Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- 7Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- 8Inha Research Institute for Medical Science, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- 9Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- 10Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- 11Division of Environmental Health, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Korea
- KMID: 2553885
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.514
Abstract
Objectives
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m3. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure.
Results
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM2.5.
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