J Korean Neurol Assoc.  2024 Feb;42(1):48-52. 10.17340/jkna.2023.0070.

Coexistence of Anti-Hu and Anti-SOX1 Autoantibodies in Atezolizumab-related Encephalitis

• Eun MY
• Hah H
• Hwang J

• KMID: 2551530
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.0070

Abstract

Although immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalitis has been reported, its underlying mechanism and treatment strategies remain unclear. Here, we present the case of a 60-yearold male patient with small cell lung cancer who developed autoimmune encephalitis during treatment with atezolizumab. Notably, this case involved the concurrent detection of two paraneoplastic autoantibodies (anti-Hu and anti-SOX1). Encephalitis was treated by discontinuing atezolizumab and administering steroids, despite the persistence of the antibodies. This case provides insights into the interaction between immune checkpoint inhibitors and paraneoplastic autoantibodies.

Keyword

Atezolizumab; Encephalitis; immune checkpoint inhibitors