J Korean Acad Oral Health.  2023 Dec;47(4):155-159. 10.11149/jkaoh.2023.47.4.155.

A quantitative comparison of oral microbiota using various sample collection methods: a pilot study

• Im SU
• Kim JH
• Song KB
• Choi YH

• KMID: 2550167
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2023.47.4.155

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to compare each strain’s number of microorganisms found in oral samples collected using various collection methods.
Methods
Twenty-two adults aged 40 and above participated in the study. Oral samples were collected from subjects using three different methods (stimulated saliva, oral biofilm, and calculus), and the collected samples were analyzed using the multiplex real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Results
The study included 22 subjects (2 men, 20 women) with an age range of 40-75 years. Healthy oral condition was observed in 10 subjects, while the remaining 12 had periodontitis. The saliva and biofilm collection methods for oral microorganisms detected Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsynthesis (Tf), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), which are the causative bacteria of periodontal disease, more effectively compared with the calculus group. In addition, the saliva group showed a better ability to detect Streptococcus mutans (Sm) which causes dental caries, compared with the biofilm and calculus groups. Comparisons based on the presence or absence of periodontitis and the collection method revealed a statistically significant difference in the number of oral microorganisms only in case of Sm strain.
Conclusions
The frequency of expression of certain strains varies according to the method of collection of oral microorganisms. Further, the saliva and biofilm methods of collecting oral microorganisms are more suitable for quantitative analysis of bacteria causing periodontal disease.

Keyword

Biofilm; Calculus; Collection methods; Oral microorganisms; Saliva

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Average numbers of each bacteria according to sample collection methods. M1: Saliva group, M2: Biofilm group, M3: Calculus group. *There is a significant difference compared to M2 or M3 by Bonferroni corrected Wilcoxon’s rank sum test (P<0.05).

Reference

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