J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci.  2023 Jun;39(2):69-78. 10.14368/jdras.2023.39.2.69.

The effect of utilizing augmented reality in a mobile application for sequential tooth carving by users

• Lee JG
• Bae JH

• KMID: 2549274
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2023.39.2.69

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the effect of a sequential augmented-reality tooth carving mobile application on the learning experience of users in practical training using tooth carving, focusing on maxillary central incisor carving.
Materials and Methods
The differences in the scores of tooth carving of maxillary central incisors between students taking a dental morphology course using the 2021 (existing two-dimensional practical training textbook) and 2022 (augmented-reality application) curriculums were analyzed. The scores were evaluated based on anatomical indicators, including mesiodistal and labiolingual length ratio, mesial and distal lengths, curvature of cervical line, inclination of axial plane, shape of mesial surface, shape of distal surface, shape of incisal edge, shape of cross-sections, and geometric shape scores of each surface. Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between the two groups in the SPSS statistical program.
Results
There was a difference in the tooth carving scores between the group that used the existing two-dimensional textbook and the group that used the augmented-reality tooth carving mobile application (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant differences were present in all subcategories (P < 0.05). The score of the group using augmented reality applications was higher than that of the traditional learning group.
Conclusion
This tooth carving augmented-reality mobile application can likely be utilized to guide learners through practical training involving maxillary central incisor tooth carving and help strengthen their competence. Further research is needed on the effect of augmented-reality mobile applications on learners, as well as on the evaluation of teeth other than the maxillary central incisors.

Keyword

augmented reality; central incisor; dental education; mobile application; morphology

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparative analysis of tooth scores on wax block to evaluate the effects of learners using conventional practice (textbook) and augmented reality-based sequential mobile applications for tooth carving.

• 

  Fig. 2 Tooth carving practice in the maxillary central Incisor using an augmented reality-based sequential carving guide application on a mobile device. (A) Drawing lines for tooth carving on distal surface of a wax block, (B) The removed part from the wax block on display of mobile device (C) The process of finely refining the tooth shape, (D) The shape of the final carved maxillary central incisor on the wax block. IM, image marker of central incisor; MD, mobile device; WB, wax block.

Reference

References

1. Obrez A, Briggs C, Buckman J, Goldstein L, Lamb C, Knight WG. 2011; Teaching clinically relevant dental anatomy in the dental curriculum: description and assessment of an innovative module. J Dent Educ. 75:797–804. DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2011.75.6.tb05108.x. PMID: 21642526.

2. Lone M, McKenna JP, Cryan JF, Downer EJ, Toulouse A. 2018; A Survey of tooth morphology teaching methods employed in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Eur J Dent Educ. 22:e438–43. DOI: 10.1111/eje.12322. PMID: 29334421.

3. Lamichhane RS, Chaulagain R, Pradhan A, Khadka S. 2022; Perception Regarding Tooth Carving Using wax Block among the Dental Practitioners. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 19:772–7. PMID: 688a672be86c436f972c7ba21a548ccf.

4. Park JT, Park SB, Lee JE. 2016; Developing a Mobile Tutorial Tools Using 3D Modeling Technology on Tooth Carving for Dentistry. J Korea Con Assoc. 16:546–57. DOI: 10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.02.546.

5. Iwanaga J, Terada S, Kim HJ, Tabira Y, Arakawa T, Watanabe K, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. 2021; Easy three-dimensional scanning technology for anatomy education using a free cellphone app. Clin Anat. 34:910–8. DOI: 10.1002/ca.23753. PMID: 33984162.

6. Maggio MP, Hariton-Gross K, Gluch J. 2012; The use of independent, interactive media for education in dental morphology. J Dent Educ. 76:1497–511. DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.11.tb05412.x. PMID: 23144486.

7. Kassebaum DK, Hendricson WD, Taft T, Haden NK. 2004; The dental curriculum at North American dental institutions in 2002-03: a survey of current structure, recent innovations, and planned changes. J Dent Educ. 68:914–31. DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2004.68.9.tb03840.x. PMID: 15342652.

8. Lee J, Kim H, Kim KH, Jung D, Jowsey T, Webster CS. 2020; Effective virtual patient simulators for medical communication training: A systematic review. Med Educ. 54:786–95. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14152. PMID: 32162355.

9. Eijlers R, Utens E, Staals LM, de Nijs PFA, Berghmans JM, Wijnen RMH, Hillegers MHJ, Dierckx B, Legerstee JS. 2019; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Virtual Reality in Pediatrics: Effects on Pain and Anxiety. Anesth Analg. 129:1344–53. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004165. PMID: 31136330. PMCID: PMC6791566.

10. Pulijala Y, Ma M, Pears M, Peebles D, Ayoub A. 2018; An innovative virtual reality training tool for orthognathic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 47:1199–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.01.005. PMID: 29398172.

11. Huang TK, Yang CH, Hsieh YH, Wang JC, Hung CC. 2018; Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applied in dentistry. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 34:243–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.01.009. PMID: 29655414.

12. Lee YN, Kim AJ, Kim KS. 2016; Comparison of Perception Between Pre-service Teachers' and Kindergarten Teachers' on Applications for Early Childhood education. J Educ Innovat Res. 26:267–88. DOI: 10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.267.

13. Lone M, Vagg T, Theocharopoulos A, Cryan JF, McKenna JP, Downer EJ, Toulouse A. 2019; Development and Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Tooth Morphology Quiz for Dental Students. Anat Sci Educ. 12:284–99. DOI: 10.1002/ase.1815. PMID: 30378278.

14. Liebermann A, Seefelder JK, Huth KC, Erdelt K. 2023; Mobile virtual tooth morphology teaching environment for preclinical dental students. J Dent Educ. 87:130–8. DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13098. PMID: 36050835.

15. Samadbeik M, Yaaghobi D, Bastani P, Abhari S, Rezaee R, Garavand A. 2018; The Applications of Virtual Reality Technology in Medical Groups Teaching. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 6:123–9. PMID: 30013996. PMCID: PMC6039818. PMID: d874d35a062c4a899ef247f3d58bde99.

16. Im EJ, Lee JG. 2020; Study on the Development of Stepwise Tooth Carving Practice Content Using Augmented Reality Technology and a Three-Dimensional Tutorial Method. J Korea Converg Soc. 11:81–8.

17. Park JT, Kim JH. 2018; Effects of Mobile Task Information Presentation using 3D Multimedia on Tooth Carving Knowledge, Performance and Class Satisfaction for Dentistry. J Korea Con Assoc. 18:376–85.

18. Im EJ, Lee JG. 2020; Virtual reality-based tooth carving education and practice system. J Digit Con Soc. 21:1905–11. DOI: 10.9728/dcs.2020.21.11.1905.

19. Kim SK, Kim OS. 2019; Analysis of esthetic factors and evaluation of esthetic perception for maxillary anteriors of dental students. J Korean Acad Prosthodont. 57:118–26. DOI: 10.4047/jkap.2019.57.2.118.

20. Schlafer S, Pedersen K, Jørgensen JN, Kruse C. 2021; Hands-on live demonstration vs. video-supported demonstration of an aesthetic composite restoration in undergraduate dental teaching. J Dent Educ. 85:802–11. DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12541. PMID: 33527377.

21. Yang YC. 2004; The Effects of Embedded Learning Strategies to Promote The Use of Self-Regulated Learning Skills in A Web-Based Learnig Environment. J Educ Technol Syst. 20:3–23. DOI: 10.17232/KSET.20.4.3.

22. Khot Z, Quinlan K, Norman GR, Wainman B. 2013; The relative effectiveness of computer-based and traditional resources for education in anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. 6:211–5. DOI: 10.1002/ase.1355. PMID: 23509000.

23. Lee SH, Jung HK. 2022; Factors Increasing the Satisfaction with learning in Dental Morphology Class Using the Mobile Apps. J Korean Soc Indust Converg. 25:869–80.

24. Garrett PH, Faraone KL, Patzelt SB, Keaser ML. 2015; Comparison of Dental Students' Self-Directed, Faculty, and Software-Based Assessments of Dental Anatomy Wax-Ups: A Retrospective Study. J Dent Educ. 79:1437–44. DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2015.79.12.tb06043.x. PMID: 26632298.